{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:44:14Z","timestamp":1767833054464,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676592000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Camb Q Healthc Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The generation of three-dimensional cerebral organoids from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) has facilitated the investigation of mechanisms underlying several neuropsychiatric disorders, including stress-related disorders, namely major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Generating hPSC-derived neurons, cerebral organoids, and even assembloids (or multi-organoid complexes) can facilitate research into biomarkers for stress susceptibility or resilience and may even bring about advances in personalized medicine and biomarker research for stress-related psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, cerebral organoid research does not come without its own set of ethical considerations. With increased complexity and resemblance to in vivo conditions, discussions of increased moral status for these models are ongoing, including questions about sentience, consciousness, moral status, donor protection, and chimeras. There are, however, unique ethical considerations that arise and are worth looking into in the context of research into stress and stress-related disorders using cerebral organoids. This paper provides stress research-specific ethical considerations in the context of cerebral organoid generation and use for research purposes. The use of stress research as a case study here can help inform other practices of in vitro studies using brain models with high ethical considerations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0963180123000038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T08:01:56Z","timestamp":1676620916000},"page":"529-541","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Ethical Implications in Making Use of Human Cerebral Organoids for Investigating Stress\u2014Related Mechanisms and Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Katherine","family":"Bassil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorothee","family":"Horstk\u00f6tter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.646921"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a035659"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani3030907"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aaspro.2015.08.089"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1747016114523771"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2019.09.002"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2021.21010095"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12626"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref43","first-page":"108","article-title":"Consciousness in non-human animals: Adopting the precautionary principle","volume":"5","author":"Bradshaw","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Consciousness Studies"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05219-6"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.09.017"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jlb\/lsaa005"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2013-1139"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.anthro.33.070203.144000"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(02)00288-5"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/jer.2012.7.3.38"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4127"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2006.8.4\/vpatchev"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2012.21.1.38"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511816031"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08900520701583586"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0350-2"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v5.23797"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11017-006-9007-8"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2020.146653"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08359-9_130"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.248"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073110519897789"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar\/ilz011"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar\/ilaa027"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4822552"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31117\/neuroscirn.v2i1.28"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2008.07.003"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302371"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.201199"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-0460.1000275"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21507740.2019.1632964"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4304"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2010.519233"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-4537.2005.00400.x"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sexes3010012"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf6116"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01161-y","article-title":"Modeling gene\u00d7environment interactions in PTSD using human neurons reveals diagnosis-specific glucocorticoid-induced gene expression","volume":"25","author":"Seah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13010-022-00119-z"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.3156"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref33","volume-title":"Novel Neurotechnologies","author":"Baldwin","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-021-00728-4"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-2208-7"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biotech10030012"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201642613"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-018-0070-7"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCC.0000000000000186"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2019.00400"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00297"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00005.2019"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref2","volume-title":"Informed Consent: Legal Theory and Clinical Practice","author":"Appelbaum","year":"1987"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf9414"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0363-y"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.1046357"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1017\/S0963180121000050","article-title":"Should cerebral organoids be used for research if they have the capacity for consciousness?","volume":"30","author":"Henry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1247125"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.590119"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref46","first-page":"160","article-title":"Guidelines for stem cell science and clinical translation","volume":"1","author":"Pandya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref57","volume-title":"The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique","author":"Russell","year":"1959"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146427"},{"key":"S0963180123000038_ref62","first-page":"2017","article-title":"Tiny human brain organoids implanted into rodents, triggering ethical concerns","volume":"6","author":"Begley","year":"2017","journal-title":"STAT, November"}],"container-title":["Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0963180123000038","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T12:14:37Z","timestamp":1695730477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0963180123000038\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0963180123000038"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0963180123000038","relation":{},"ISSN":["0963-1801","1469-2147"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0963-1801","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-2147","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]}}}