{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T14:51:27Z","timestamp":1781967087914,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610668800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zygote"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sex selection through sperm sorting offers advantages in regards selection pressure in high-producing livestock. However, the sex-sorting process results in sperm membrane and DNA damage that ultimately decrease fertility. We hypothesized that given the role of protamines in DNA packaging, protamine deficiency could account, at least partially, for the DNA damage observed following sperm sex sorting. To test this, we compared protamine status between unsexed and sexed spermatozoa from two bulls using the fluorochrome chromomycin A3 (CMA3) and flow cytometry. Then, we assessed embryo development following<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>fertilization (IVF) using the same sperm treatments. Overall, sperm protamination was not different between sexed and unsexed semen. However, one of the two bulls displayed higher rates of protamine deficiency for both unsexed and sexed semen (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05). Moreover, unsexed semen from this bull yielded lower blastocyst (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05) and blastocyst hatching rates than unsexed sperm from the other bull. CMA3-positive staining was negatively correlated with cleavage (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>85.1,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.003) and blastocyst hatching (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>87.6,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.006) rates in unsexed semen. In conclusion, while the sex-sorting process had no effect on sperm protamine content, we observed a bull effect for sperm protamination, which correlated to embryo development rates following IVF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0967199420000775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T10:29:33Z","timestamp":1610706573000},"page":"264-269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sperm chromatin protamination influences embryo development in unsexed and sexed bull semen"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8830-5658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago Velasco Guimar\u00e3es","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscila Di Paula Bessa","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Baia de","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana J\u00falia Mota de","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline de Ara\u00fajo","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nath\u00e1lia Nogueira da Costa","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa Cunha de","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaldo Algaranhar","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebasti\u00e3o Tavares","family":"Rolim Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcela da Silva","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone do Socorro Damasceno","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moys\u00e9s dos Santos","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ot\u00e1vio Mitio","family":"Ohashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731114000664"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12305"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.063"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059387"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.12.036"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-16-0077"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2011.05.031"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref47","volume-title":"Manual of the International Embryo Transfer Society","author":"Stringfellow","year":"1998"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2005.07.007"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-09-0281"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD17356"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1979.48176x"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(99)00162-4"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref44","first-page":"86","article-title":"Fertilization rate and embryo quality in superovulated Holstein heifers artificially inseminated with X-sorted or unsorted sperm","volume":"1","author":"Sartori","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anim Reprod"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0967199410000286"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2018.01.004"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2005.04.011"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref21","first-page":"128","article-title":"Flow cytometry: a novel approach for indirect assessment of protamine deficiency by CMA3 staining, taking into account the presence of M540 or apoptotic bodies","volume":"5","author":"Fathi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Fertil Steril"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.114.124255"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.09.012"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2007.04.005"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0264.2007.00795.x","article-title":"Effects of sex-sorted spermatozoa on the efficiency of in vitro fertilization and ultrastructure of in vitro produced bovine blastocysts","volume":"37","author":"Palma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anat Histol Embryol"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(99)00108-9"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.2016-032"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14647273.2014.915347"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S096719941700017X"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2010.01696.x"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/19396368.2016.1140848"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.20573"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod49.5.1083"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2008.00872.x"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD10052"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-016-0852-8"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10520290902843595"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-017-0309-9"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009406231811"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2010.06.030"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref49","first-page":"184","article-title":"Flow cytometry: a new approach for indirect assessment of sperm protamine deficiency","volume":"3","author":"Tavalaee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Fertil Steril"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986611795713934"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh798"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref1","first-page":"315","article-title":"Human protamines and the developing spermatid: their structure, function, expression and relationship with male infertility","volume":"5","author":"Aoki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.09.025"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod38.5.1171"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-2927.2014.00196.x"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2017.11.006"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dml057"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12216"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986611795713943"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(99)00225-3"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.08.004"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.01173"},{"key":"S0967199420000775_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.180071"}],"container-title":["Zygote"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0967199420000775","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T20:13:03Z","timestamp":1697573583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0967199420000775\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0967199420000775"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0967199420000775","relation":{},"ISSN":["0967-1994","1469-8730"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0967-1994","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8730","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]}}}