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In total, 138 ovarian pairs from slaughtered camels were used. Gene expression and hormonal assay were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The obtained results revealed that the number of follicles (3\u20138 mm) was significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) lower in pregnant, compared with non-pregnant, camels. P4 level in the FF was significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) higher in pregnant, compared with non-pregnant, camels. However, no significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05) difference was noticed in the oestradiol (E2) level. <jats:italic>STAR<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>PTEN<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IGF1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>BCL2<\/jats:italic> mRNA levels were significantly higher in GCs and significantly lower in oocytes of pregnant, compared with non-pregnant, camels. However, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (<jats:italic>FSHR<\/jats:italic>) mRNA level was significantly lower in GCs and oocytes, and the <jats:italic>BMP15<\/jats:italic> mRNA level was significantly lower in oocytes of pregnant, compared with non-pregnant, camels. P4 level in FF was positively correlated with <jats:italic>STAR<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>PTEN<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IGF1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>BCL2<\/jats:italic> mRNA levels in GCs and negatively correlated with <jats:italic>BMP15<\/jats:italic> mRNA levels in oocytes and <jats:italic>FSHR<\/jats:italic> mRNA levels in GCs and oocytes of pregnant camels. It could be concluded that pregnancy-induced variations in oocytes and GC expression of <jats:italic>BMP15<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IGF1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>FSHR<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>STAR<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>BCL2<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>PTEN<\/jats:italic> genes might be associated with a decrease in the number of follicles and an increase in the FF level of P4.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s096719942000091x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T08:25:35Z","timestamp":1617783935000},"page":"427-434","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Differential molecular and hormonal changes in oocytes, granulosa cells and follicular fluid of pregnant and non-pregnant camels"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Fawzy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karima","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bassiouni A.","family":"Heleil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. 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