{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T21:57:43Z","timestamp":1747173463947,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]],"date-time":"2021-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633478400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zygote"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was conducted to examine whether the nuclear to cytoplasmic (N\/C) ratio had any influence on the timing of embryo compaction and blastocoel formation, as well as formation rate and quality of blastocyst. First, we produced embryos with increased N\/C ratio by removal of approximately one-third of the cytoplasm and with decreased N\/C ratio by doubling the oocyte cytoplasm with an enucleated oocyte. The initiation of compaction and cavitation in reduced cytoplasm group was significantly earlier (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) compared with the control and doubled cytoplasm groups. The rate of blastocysts in the reduced cytoplasm and doubled cytoplasm groups was significantly lower (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) compared with the control group. Blastocyst quality in terms of total cell number in the reduced cytoplasm group was significantly lower (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) compared with the doubled cytoplasm group, but not different from the control group. Next, we produced embryos with various N\/C ratios by oocyte fusion combined with cytochalasin D treatment. The onset of compaction and cavitation in the 2N\/2C group (decreased N\/C ratio) was significantly delayed (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) or had the tendency to be delayed (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.064), respectively, compared with the control group (2N\/1C). A significantly higher rate of blastocyst was observed in the 4N\/2C group compared with the 1N\/1C group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) but not different from the remaining groups. These results demonstrated that an increase in N\/C ratio caused an earlier occurrence of morula compaction and blastocyst formation in both <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization (IVF) and parthenogenetically activated pig embryos.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0967199421000381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]],"date-time":"2021-10-06T10:27:46Z","timestamp":1633516066000},"page":"298-304","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of nucleocytoplasmic ratio on the <i>in vitro<\/i> porcine embryo development after <i>in vitro<\/i> fertilization or parthenogenetic activation"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Nguyen Thi","family":"Men","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8176-4827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanh 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