{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:42:40Z","timestamp":1791459760896,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654819200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zygote"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ascidians (Urochordate) are hermaphroditic marine invertebrates that release sperm and eggs to the surrounding seawater. However, several ascidians, including <jats:italic>Ciona intestinalis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Halocynthia roretzi,<\/jats:italic> show strict self-sterility due to a self\/nonself-recognition mechanism in the interaction between sperm and the vitelline coat (VC) of the eggs. We have previously reported that sperm intracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> level drastically increased immediately after sperm binding to the VC of self eggs but not nonself eggs in <jats:italic>C. intestinalis<\/jats:italic> type A, which was potently inhibited by lowering the external Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> concentration, suggesting that sperm Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> influx occurs after sperm self-recognition on the VC. Here, we investigated whether self-sterility was abolished by lowering the external Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> concentration in <jats:italic>C. intestinalis.<\/jats:italic> The results showed that the block to self-fertilization was removed by low-Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> (\u223c1 mM) seawater without decreasing the fertilization rate. Such an effect was not observed with Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> or K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>. These results led us to conclude that a low-Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> environment is sufficient to block the self-recognition signal upon fertilization. As low-Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> seawater showed no effect on <jats:italic>H. roretzi<\/jats:italic> self-sterility, we propose that the mechanism of self-sterility in <jats:italic>Ciona<\/jats:italic> must be distinctive from that in <jats:italic>Halocynthia<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0967199422000144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T06:43:55Z","timestamp":1654843435000},"page":"738-742","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Removal of the block to self-fertilization by low-calcium artificial seawater in the ascidian <i>Ciona intestinalis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Shizuya","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keita","family":"Kinjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3969-9192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takako","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4363-7696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0967199422000144_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2011.09.003"},{"key":"S0967199422000144_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1152488"},{"key":"S0967199422000144_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(78)90531-1"},{"key":"S0967199422000144_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37721-1"},{"key":"S0967199422000144_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1115086109"},{"key":"S0967199422000144_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jzs.12101"},{"key":"S0967199422000144_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1120050309"},{"key":"S0967199422000144_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02263809"},{"key":"S0967199422000144_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1371017"},{"key":"S0967199422000144_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.56.032604.144249"},{"key":"S0967199422000144_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv966"},{"key":"S0967199422000144_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59147-4"},{"key":"S0967199422000144_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.05.099"},{"key":"S0967199422000144_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1400800103"},{"key":"S0967199422000144_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1999.9367"},{"key":"S0967199422000144_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(84)90787-0"},{"key":"S0967199422000144_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.9.5.170"},{"key":"S0967199422000144_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.072544yh"}],"container-title":["Zygote"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0967199422000144","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T02:44:29Z","timestamp":1692931469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0967199422000144\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0967199422000144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0967199422000144","relation":{},"ISSN":["0967-1994","1469-8730"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0967-1994","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8730","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]}}}