{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:12:20Z","timestamp":1785413540478,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":58,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zygote"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study investigated the expression profile of the Toll-like receptor 2 (\n                    <jats:italic>TLR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene in goats across three reproductive groups \u2013 twin-bearing (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 12), single-bearing (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 10) and non-pregnant (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 8) \u2013 using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Descriptive statistics revealed that twin-bearing goats were significantly heavier at service and kidding, with higher litter weights compared to other groups (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). No breed-wise differences were observed, allowing pooled analysis for gene expression. Melt curve and amplification plot analyses confirmed primer specificity and efficient amplification.\n                    <jats:italic>TLR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression was significantly upregulated in twin-bearing goats (\u0394Ct = \u22122.14 \u00b1 0.89), with a mean 4.5-fold increase (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001) compared to non-pregnant controls, suggesting enhanced immune activation. Single-bearing goats showed negligible and non-significant changes in expression (\u0394Ct = \u22120.01 \u00b1 1.45;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.984). Statistical comparisons showed a significant difference in\n                    <jats:italic>TLR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression between twin- and single-bearing groups (mean difference: 3.39;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). These results reveals a significant association of twin pregnancies with elevated expression level of\n                    <jats:italic>TLR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene in resource population. While the functional implications require further investigation, this upregulation may be associated with immune adaptations to increased gestational load. Overall, this study identifies\n                    <jats:italic>TLR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a candidate gene expression marker strongly correlated with twin pregnancy in goats. Further validation through longitudinal studies on larger cohorts and investigation of tissue-specific expression is necessary to assess its potential predictive value for reproductive performance in small ruminants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s096719942610032x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T07:53:13Z","timestamp":1774943593000},"page":"12-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gene expression dynamics of\n                    <i>TLR2<\/i>\n                    in twin- and single-bearing goats: a step toward molecular reproductive profiling"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9397-6421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ankit","family":"Magotra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02d10f818","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04n3n6d60","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu (SKUAST-Jammu)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8861-161X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yogesh C.","family":"Bangar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6234-0288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devesh Kumar","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04n3n6d60","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu (SKUAST-Jammu)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04n3n6d60","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu 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