{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T18:56:31Z","timestamp":1790967391711,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6542,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["intpsychogeriatrics.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Psychogeriatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"DOI":"10.1017\/s1041610207006394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,22]],"date-time":"2007-11-22T10:45:15Z","timestamp":1195728315000},"page":"18-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Mild cognitive impairment (MCI): a historical perspective"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Barry","family":"Reisberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven H.","family":"Ferris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Kluger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emile","family":"Franssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerzy","family":"Wegiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mony J.","family":"de Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0010","first-page":"124","article-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.114.512.797","article-title":"The association between quantitative measures of dementia and senile change in the cerebral gray matter of elderly subjects","volume":"114","author":"Blessed","year":"1968","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0020","first-page":"205","article-title":"Atrophy of hippocampal formation subdivisions correlates with stage and duration of Alzheimer disease","volume":"6","author":"Bobinski","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199704000-00010","article-title":"Relationships between regional neuronal loss and neurofibrillary changes in the hippocampal formation and duration and severity of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"56","author":"Bobinski","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0030","series-title":"Diseases in Antiquity","first-page":"718","author":"Brothwell","year":"1967"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610204000092","article-title":"Is MCI really just early dementia? A systematic review of conversion studies","volume":"16","author":"Bruscoli","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0040","series-title":"Clinical Aspects of Alzheimer's Disease and Senile Dementia","first-page":"47","author":"Clayton","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90911-2","article-title":"Early marker for Alzheimer's disease: the atrophic hippocampus","volume":"2","author":"de Leon","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0050","first-page":"897","article-title":"The radiologic prediction of Alzheimer's disease: the atrophic hippocampal formation","volume":"14","author":"de Leon","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"Mini-mental state\u201d: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1991.00530140040015","article-title":"Cognition independent neurologic symptoms in normal aging and probable Alzheimer's disease","volume":"48","author":"Franssen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1999.tb07240.x","article-title":"Equilibrium and limb coordination in mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease","volume":"47","author":"Franssen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(00)82096-5","article-title":"Detailed assessment of cognition and activities of daily living in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease","volume":"21","author":"Galasko","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Aging"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/26.1.70","article-title":"Patterns of declining memory","volume":"26","author":"Gilbert","year":"1971","journal-title":"Journal of Gerontology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.140.6.566","article-title":"A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia","volume":"140","author":"Hughes","year":"1982","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P28","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/52B.1.P28","article-title":"Patterns of motor impairment in normal aging, mild cognitive decline and early Alzheimer's disease","volume":"52B","author":"Kluger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1177\/089198879901200402","article-title":"Neuropsychological prediction of decline to dementia in nondemented elderly","volume":"12","author":"Kluger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0095","first-page":"257","article-title":"Senescent forgetfulness: benign and malignant","volume":"86","author":"Kral","year":"1962","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0100","series-title":"Alzheimer's Disease: Senile Dementia and Related Disorders","first-page":"47","volume":"Vol. 7","author":"Kral","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"34","author":"McKhann","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0110","series-title":"The Vital Balance","author":"Meninger","year":"1963"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01388.x","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity","volume":"256","author":"Petersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.3.303","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome","volume":"56","author":"Petersen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.9.1133","article-title":"Practice parameter \u2013 early detection of dementia: mild cognitive impairment (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology","volume":"56","author":"Petersen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0130","series-title":"A Treatise on Insanity","author":"Prichard","year":"1837"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(94)90147-3","article-title":"Quantitative EEG correlates of cognitive deterioration in the elderly","volume":"15","author":"Prichep","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Aging"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.07.021","article-title":"Prediction of longitudinal cognitive decline in normal elderly using electrophysiological imaging","volume":"27","author":"Prichep","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0145","first-page":"30","article-title":"Dementia: a systematic approach to identifying reversible causes","volume":"41","author":"Reisberg","year":"1986","journal-title":"Geriatrics"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0150","first-page":"629","article-title":"The Brief Cognitive Rating Scale (BCRS)","volume":"24","author":"Reisberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.139.9.1136","article-title":"The global deterioration scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia","volume":"139","author":"Reisberg","year":"1982","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0160","first-page":"47","article-title":"The brief cognitive rating scale (BCRS): findings in primary degenerative dementia (PDD)","volume":"19","author":"Reisberg","year":"1983","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0165","series-title":"Geriatric Psychiatry: Ethical and Legal Issues","first-page":"37","author":"Reisberg","year":"1985"},{"issue":"5 Suppl.","key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0170","first-page":"9","article-title":"Behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: phenomenology and treatment","volume":"48","author":"Reisberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.430150203","article-title":"Stage-specific behavioral, cognitive, and in vivo changes in community residing subjects with age-associated memory impairment and primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type","volume":"15","author":"Reisberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Drug Development Research"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0180","first-page":"95","article-title":"Stage specific incidence of potentially remediable behavioral symptoms in aging and Alzheimer's disease: a study of 120 patients using the BEHAVE-AD","volume":"54","author":"Reisberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Bulletin of Clinical Neurosciences"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610292001133","article-title":"Pharmacologic treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a methodologic critique based upon current knowledge of symptomatology and relevance for drug trials","volume":"4","author":"Reisberg","year":"1992","journal-title":"International Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0190","first-page":"S188","article-title":"Dementia staging in chronic care populations","volume":"8","author":"Reisberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Disease and Associated Disorders"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610296002657","article-title":"Mortality and temporal course of probable Alzheimer's disease: a five-year prospective study","volume":"8","author":"Reisberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"International Psychogeriatrics"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0200","first-page":"8","article-title":"Clinical global measures of dementia: position paper from the International Working Group on Harmonization of Dementia Drug Guidelines","volume":"11","author":"Reisberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610201007566","article-title":"The Alzheimer's disease Activities of Daily Living International Scale (ADL-IS)","volume":"13","author":"Reisberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.141.11.1356","article-title":"A new rating scale for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"141","author":"Rosen","year":"1984","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0215","series-title":"The Measurement and Appraisal of Adult Intelligence","author":"Wechsler","year":"1958"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610207006394_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01380.x","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment\u2013beyond controversies, towards a consensus: report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment","volume":"256","author":"Winblad","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Internal Medicine"}],"container-title":["International Psychogeriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1041610224052013?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1041610224052013?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1041610207006394","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T17:58:53Z","timestamp":1744394333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1041610224052013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1041610224052013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1041610207006394","relation":{},"ISSN":["1041-6102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1041-6102","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mild cognitive impairment (MCI): a historical perspective","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Psychogeriatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1041610207006394","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2007 Copyright \u00a9 International Psychogeriatric Association 2007. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}