{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T15:55:00Z","timestamp":1770134100237,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5811,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["intpsychogeriatrics.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Psychogeriatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"DOI":"10.1017\/s1041610208007904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,17]],"date-time":"2008-10-17T07:37:48Z","timestamp":1224229068000},"page":"138-147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cognitive and psychiatric effects of vitamin B12 replacement in dementia with low serum B12 levels: a nursing home study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Christopher H.","family":"van Dyck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"Lyness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Rohrbaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan P.","family":"Siegal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(93)90010-L","article-title":"Elevation of 2-methylcitric acid I and II in the serum, urine and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with cobalamin deficiency","volume":"42","author":"Allen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0015","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1987"},{"issue":"December suppl.","key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0020","first-page":"1","article-title":"Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias","volume":"164","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1300\/J018v01n01_06","article-title":"Screening tests for geriatric depression","volume":"1","author":"Brink","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clinical Gerontologist"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0030","first-page":"454","article-title":"Atypical cobalamin deficiency. Subtle biochemical evidence of deficiency is commonly demonstrable in patients without megaloblastic anemia and is often associated with protein-bound cobalamin malabsorption","volume":"109","author":"Carmel","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1995.tb00679.x","article-title":"The frequently low cobalamin levels in dementia usually signify treatable metabolic, neurologic and electrophysiologic abnormalities","volume":"54","author":"Carmel","year":"1995","journal-title":"European Journal of Haematology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610295001876","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency and dementia","volume":"7","author":"Cunha","year":"1995","journal-title":"International Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0045","first-page":"133","article-title":"D\u00e9ficience en vitamine B12 et \u00e9tat d\u00e9mentiel: \u00e9tude \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique multicentrique et th\u00e9rapeutique. Essai pr\u00e9liminaire","volume":"73","author":"de la Fourni\u00e8re","year":"1997","journal-title":"La Semaine des h\u00f4pitaux de Paris"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(200003)15:3<226::AID-GPS98>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency in dementia and cognitive impairment: the effects of treatment on neuropsychological function","volume":"15","author":"Eastley","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"Mini-mental state\u201d: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.145.7.857","article-title":"Reliability of psychiatric scales in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type","volume":"145","author":"Gottlieb","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1975.00490510088009","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow in dementia","volume":"32","author":"Hachinski","year":"1975","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5707.458","article-title":"Clinical trial of the effect of vitamin B12 in elderly subjects with low serum B12 levels","volume":"2","author":"Hughes","year":"1970","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(03)00169-1","article-title":"No effect of vitamin B-12 treatment on cognitive function and depression: a randomized placebo controlled study","volume":"81","author":"Hvas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198806303182604","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric disorders caused by cobalamin deficiency in the absence of anemia or macrocytosis","volume":"318","author":"Lindenbaum","year":"1988","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/60.1.2","article-title":"Prevalence of cobalamin deficiency in the Framingham elderly population","volume":"60","author":"Lindenbaum","year":"1994","journal-title":"Amereican Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malouf R. and Areosa SastreA. (2003). Vitamin B12 for cognition. Cochrane Database Systematic Review, CD004394.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004394"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01939.x","article-title":"Time dependency of cognitive recovery with cobalamin replacement: report of a pilot study","volume":"40","author":"Martin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0100","series-title":"Geriatric Psychiatry","first-page":"77","author":"Mattis","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1962.10.3.799","article-title":"The brief psychiatric rating scale","volume":"10","author":"Overall","year":"1962","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb03641.x","article-title":"High prevalence of cobalamin deficiency in elderly outpatients","volume":"40","author":"Pennypacker","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/36.8.1523","article-title":"MMA in renal insufficiency: evidence of accumulation and implications for diagnosis of cobalamin deficiency","volume":"36","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.8.1225","article-title":"Longitudinal evaluation of dementia of the Alzheimer type: a comparison of 3 standardized mental status examinations","volume":"40","author":"Salmon","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(94)90149-X","article-title":"Sensitivity of serum MMA and total homocysteine determinations for diagnosing cobalamin and folate deficiencies","volume":"96","author":"Savage","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50020.x","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral vitamin B12 supplementation in older patients with subnormal or borderline serum vitamin B12 concentrations","volume":"50","author":"Seal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0135","series-title":"Clinical Gerontology: A Guide to Assessment and Intervention","first-page":"165","author":"Sheikh","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112476","article-title":"Assay of methylmalonic acid in the serum of patients with cobalamin deficiency using capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"77","author":"Stabler","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigations"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113343","article-title":"Elevation of total homocysteine in the serum of patients with cobalamin or folate deficiency detected by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"81","author":"Stabler","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigations"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00886874","article-title":"Dementia and subnormal levels of vitamin B12: effects of replacement therapy on dementia","volume":"243","author":"Teunisse","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610208007904_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90070-2","article-title":"Evaluation of current criteria used to measure vitamin B12 levels","volume":"82","author":"Thompson","year":"1987","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"}],"container-title":["International Psychogeriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1041610224053353?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1041610224053353?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1041610208007904","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T18:06:52Z","timestamp":1744394812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1041610224053353"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1041610224053353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1041610208007904","relation":{},"ISSN":["1041-6102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1041-6102","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cognitive and psychiatric effects of vitamin B12 replacement in dementia with low serum B12 levels: a nursing home study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Psychogeriatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1041610208007904","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 Copyright \u00a9 International Psychogeriatric Association 2008. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}