{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T08:08:49Z","timestamp":1789718929547,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2524,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["intpsychogeriatrics.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Psychogeriatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"DOI":"10.1017\/s1041610217000874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]],"date-time":"2017-05-31T05:29:09Z","timestamp":1496208549000},"page":"209-219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Psychosis and dementia: risk factor, prodrome, or cause?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Corinne E.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Ag\u00fcera-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moyra Elizabeth","family":"Mortby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahinoor","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0010","unstructured":"Alzheimer Society of Canada (2010). Rising tide: the impact of dementia on Canadian society. http:\/\/www.alzheimer.ca\/~\/media\/Files\/national\/Advocacy\/ASC_Rising_Tide_Full_Report_e.pdf, last accessed 20 May 2017."},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0015","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1159\/000112509","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric manifestations in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"25","author":"Apostolova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1159\/000351009","article-title":"Risk factors for behavioral abnormalities in mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease","volume":"37","author":"Apostolova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.183.3.213","article-title":"Long-term outcome of late-onset echizophrenia: 5 years follow-up study","volume":"183","author":"Brodaty","year":"2003","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/19.4.691","article-title":"The epidemiology of late-onset schizophrenia","volume":"19","author":"Castle","year":"1993","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2016.03.013","article-title":"Beta-Amyloid burden is not associated with cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Chung","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-200301000-00001","article-title":"Psychiatric symptomatology and prodromal Alzheimer's disease","volume":"17","author":"Copeland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900016175","article-title":"Beyond the \u201cC\u201d in MCI: noncognitive symptoms in amnestic and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment","volume":"13","author":"Ellison","year":"2008","journal-title":"CNS Spectrums"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181e446c8","article-title":"Trajectory of cognitive decline as a predictor of psychosis in early Alzheimer disease in the cardiovascular health study","volume":"19","author":"Emanuel","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000436942.55281.47","article-title":"Nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment progresses to dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"81","author":"Ferman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s40473-016-0095-0","article-title":"Psychosis in Alzheimer's disease: a review of recent research findings","author":"Fischer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Behavioural Neurosciences"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.10.007","article-title":"Comparative study of clinical and neuropsychological characteristics between early-, late and very-late-onset schizophrenia-spectrum disorders","volume":"23","author":"Hanssen","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.2.172","article-title":"Late-onset schizophrenia and very-late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis: an international consensus. The international late-onset schizophrenia group","volume":"157","author":"Howard","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.05.017","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric symptoms as early manifestations of emergent dementia: provisional diagnostic criteria for mild behavioral impairment","volume":"12","author":"Ismail","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160979","article-title":"The mild behavioral impairment checklist (MBI-C): a rating scale for neuropsychiatric symptoms in pre-dementia populations","volume":"56","author":"Ismail","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Alzheimers Disease"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2008.09.017","article-title":"Prodromal clinical manifestations of neuropathologically confirmed Lewy body disease","volume":"31","author":"Jicha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Aging"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1996.tb02942.x","article-title":"The evolution of psychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: a natural history study","volume":"44","author":"Jost","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711002911","article-title":"Do subthreshold psychotic experiences predict clinical outcomes in unselected non-help-seeking population-based samples? A systematic review and meta-analysis, enriched with new results","volume":"42","author":"Kaymaz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbm140","article-title":"Is schizophrenia a syndrome of accelerated aging","volume":"34","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2012.10.010","article-title":"Cognitive decline and dementia risk in older adults with psychotic symptoms: a prospective cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Kohler","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0594.2009.00505.x","article-title":"Acute and transient psychosis in old age and the subsequent risk of dementia: a nationwide register-based study","volume":"9","author":"Korner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0120","series-title":"Psychiatrie. Ein Lehrbuch f\u00fcr Studierende und \u00c4rtze","author":"Kraepelin","year":"1904"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0125","first-page":"557","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"169","author":"Lanctot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0130","first-page":"308097","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment and dementia","volume":"2012","author":"Leroi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parkinsons Disease"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e31823bc08c","article-title":"Age-associated differences in cognitive performance in older patients with schizophrenia: a comparison with healthy older adults","volume":"20","author":"Loewenstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.12.1475","article-title":"Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and mild cognitive impairment: results from the cardiovascular health study","volume":"288","author":"Lyketsos","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.8.1290","article-title":"Depression in patients with mild cognitive impairment increases the risk of developing dementia of Alzheimer type: a prospective cohort study","volume":"61","author":"Modrego","year":"2004","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1963","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric symptoms in the community-based patients with mild cognitive impairment and the influence of demographic factors","volume":"23","author":"Muangpaisan","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2004.09.007","article-title":"Identification of separable cognitive factors in schizophrenia","volume":"72","author":"Nuechterlein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12010","article-title":"Evidence for the early clinical relevance of hallucinatory-delusional states in the general population","volume":"127","author":"Nuevo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000260968.92345.3f","article-title":"Predictors of progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease","volume":"68","author":"Palmer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2013.01.049","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric symptoms as risk factors for progression from CIND to dementia: the Cache County Study","volume":"21","author":"Peters","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.14040480","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric symptoms as predictors of progression to severe Alzheimer's dementia and death: the cache county dementia progression study","volume":"172","author":"Peters","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0910237","article-title":"Clinical practice. Mild cognitive impairment","volume":"364","author":"Petersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1159\/000084552","article-title":"Behavioral and psychological symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: frequency and relationship with duration and severity of the disease","volume":"19","author":"Piccininni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2012.10.011","article-title":"Cognitive performance of individuals with schizophrenia across seven decades: a study using the MATRICS consensus cognitive battery","volume":"21","author":"Rajji","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.10.013","article-title":"Cortical neuritic plaques and hippocampal neurofibrillary tangles are related to dementia severity in elderly schizophrenia patients","volume":"116","author":"Rapp","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3928\/02793695-20081101-09","article-title":"Psychosis in late life: emerging issues","volume":"46","author":"Reeves","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.1546","article-title":"Long-term risk of dementia in persons With Schizophrenia: a danish population-based cohort study","volume":"72","author":"Ribe","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1159\/000111133","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric symptoms in amnestic and nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment","volume":"25","author":"Rozzini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.10.1601","article-title":"Delusions and hallucinations are associated with worse outcome in Alzheimer disease","volume":"62","author":"Scarmeas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.15.1934","article-title":"Risk of death with atypical antipsychotic drug treatment for dementia: meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials","volume":"294","author":"Schneider","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-100048","article-title":"Are the behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's disease directly associated with neurodegeneration","volume":"21","author":"Serra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Alzheimers Disease"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-011-9189-8","article-title":"Is there evidence for late cognitive decline in chronic schizophrenia","volume":"83","author":"Shah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatric Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JGP.0000196628.12010.35","article-title":"Quetiapine treatment of psychosis associated with dementia: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"14","author":"Tariot","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.3909","article-title":"Prevalence and associated behavioral symptoms of depression in mild cognitive impairment and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease","volume":"28","author":"Van Der Mussele","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-130596","article-title":"Behavioral syndromes in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"38","author":"Van Der Mussele","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Alzheimers Disease"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20310","article-title":"Psychosis as a transdiagnostic and extended phenotype in the general population","volume":"15","author":"Van Os","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00790654","article-title":"Increasing age is a risk factor for psychosis in the elderly","volume":"30","author":"Van Os","year":"1995","journal-title":"Social and Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1159\/000210045","article-title":"Differential impact of apathy and depression in the development of dementia in mild cognitive impairment patients","volume":"27","author":"Vicini Chilovi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1159\/000342119","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric symptoms and global functional impairment along the Alzheimer's continuum","volume":"34","author":"Wadsworth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610208007734","article-title":"The relationship of excess cognitive impairment in MCI and early Alzheimer's disease to the subsequent emergence of psychosis","volume":"21","author":"Weamer","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610217000874_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205011666140812115004","article-title":"Severe psychiatric disorders in mid-life and risk of dementia in late-life (age 65\u201384 years): a population based case-control study","volume":"11","author":"Zilkens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Current Alzheimer Research"}],"container-title":["International Psychogeriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1041610224015631?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1041610224015631?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1041610217000874","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T13:35:12Z","timestamp":1763040912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1041610224015631"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1041610224015631"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1041610217000874","relation":{},"ISSN":["1041-6102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1041-6102","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Psychosis and dementia: risk factor, prodrome, or cause?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Psychogeriatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1041610217000874","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2017 International Psychogeriatric Association. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}