{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:06:47Z","timestamp":1790719607255,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":822,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["intpsychogeriatrics.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Psychogeriatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1017\/s1041610220004172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T08:36:40Z","timestamp":1613983000000},"page":"875-887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A systematic review of clozapine\u2019s effectiveness for primary psychotic and bipolar disorders in older adults"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Melissa","family":"Renzenbrink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7811-5225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Pamela Frances","family":"Wand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/ijmr.12102","article-title":"Shades of grey: guidelines for working with the grey literature in systematic reviews for management and organizational studies","volume":"19","author":"Adams","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Management Reviews"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0015","first-page":"CD006633","article-title":"Clozapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia","volume":"11","author":"Asenjo Lobos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0020","first-page":"364","article-title":"Clozapine in the treatment of psychosis in an 82-year-old woman with tardive dyskinesia","volume":"12","author":"Bajulaiye","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.930070912","article-title":"The use of clozapine in older people","volume":"7","author":"Ball","year":"1992","journal-title":"International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(99)90134-7","article-title":"Clozapine in elderly psychiatric patients: tolerability, safety, and efficacy","volume":"40","author":"Barak","year":"1999","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-013-0144-2","article-title":"Adverse effects of clozapine in older patients: epidemiology, prevention and management","volume":"31","author":"Bishara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drugs & Aging"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.9.1394","article-title":"Treatment of delusional disorders with clozapine","volume":"151","author":"Buckley","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.6.759","article-title":"Clozapine for treatment-refractory mania","volume":"153","author":"Calabrese","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0050","first-page":"12","article-title":"Clozapine use in female geriatric patients with psychoses","volume":"8","author":"Chengappa","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12989","article-title":"Clozapine and all-cause mortality in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a historical cohort study","volume":"139","author":"Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P340","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00003-6","article-title":"New perspectives on schizophrenia in later life: implications for treatment, policy, and research","volume":"2","author":"Cohen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.11.016","article-title":"Quantifying clinical relevance in the treatment of schizophrenia","volume":"33","author":"Correll","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098618756261","article-title":"Safety of antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia: a focus on the adverse effects of clozapine","volume":"9","author":"De Berardis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0075","article-title":"Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia","volume":"1","author":"Essali","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.4.4.731","article-title":"A review of clozapine safety","volume":"4","author":"Fitzsimmons","year":"2005","journal-title":"Expert Opinion on Drug Safety"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1177\/089198879400700209","article-title":"Clozapine in the elderly","volume":"7","author":"Frankenburg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1017\/S146114571100201X","article-title":"A systematic review of the evidence of clozapine\u2019s anti-aggressive effects","volume":"15","author":"Frogley","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199602000-00022","article-title":"Clozapine in rapid cycling bipolar disorder","volume":"16","author":"Frye","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867416641195","article-title":"Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the management of schizophrenia and related disorders","volume":"50","author":"Galletly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.7.5.525","article-title":"The safety of clozapine in the elderly","volume":"7","author":"Gareri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Opinion on Drug Safety"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S105","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.162982","article-title":"Disparate inclusion of older adults in clinical trials: priorities and opportunities for policy and practice change","volume":"100","author":"Herrera","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.3109\/00048679709073852","article-title":"Is clozapine safe in the elderly?","volume":"31","author":"Herst","year":"1997","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v60n0109","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of clozapine versus chlorpromazine in geriatric schizophrenia","volume":"60","author":"Howanitz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0125","author":"Kmet"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12700","article-title":"The impact of clozapine on hospital use: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"135","author":"Land","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.06.008","article-title":"Life expectancy among persons with schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder","volume":"131","author":"Laursen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610219000255","article-title":"Prescribing trends and safety of clozapine in an older persons mental health population","volume":"31","author":"Law","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-6612.2008.00298.x","article-title":"Self-management education programs for age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Australasian Journal of Ageing"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60733-3","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis","volume":"382","author":"Leucht","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.187.4.366","article-title":"Clinical implications of Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores","volume":"187","author":"Leucht","year":"2005","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12272","article-title":"Clozapine for treatment-resistant bipolar disorder: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bipolar Disorders"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-7-30","article-title":"The Hawthorne effect: a randomised, controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"McCarney","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Medical Research Methodology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1192\/S000712500029692X","article-title":"Dimensions of outcome with clozapine","volume":"160","author":"Meltzer","year":"1992","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b2535","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"339","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0180","first-page":"63","article-title":"Clozapine use in geriatric patients - challenges","volume":"1","author":"Mukku","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0185","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). (2014). Psychosis and Schizophrenia in Adults: the NICE Guideline on Treatment and Management (NICE Guideline 178) [Online]. Available at: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg178\/evidence\/full-guideline-pdf-490503565; last accessed 20 July 2020."},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610215000332","article-title":"Capgras syndrome in a very late onset, treatment resistant schizophrenia","volume":"27","author":"Nurul Ain","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0195","unstructured":"OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working Group , 2011. The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence [Online]. Available at: https:\/\/www.cebm.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/CEBM-Levels-of-Evidence-2.1.pdf; last accessed 20 July 2020."},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12266","article-title":"Gray literature: an important resource in systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Paez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5114","article-title":"Clozapine prescribing in older adults","volume":"34","author":"Phaldessai","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0210","first-page":"180","article-title":"Efficacy and adverse effects of clozapine in four elderly psychotic patients","volume":"56","author":"Pitner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610214001756","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of clozapine in elderly patients with chronic resistant schizophrenia","volume":"27","author":"Pridan","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000106221.36344.4d","article-title":"Influence of dose, cigarette smoking, age, sex, and metabolic activity on plasma clozapine concentrations: a predictive model and nomograms to aid clozapine dose adjustment and to assess compliance in individual patients","volume":"24","author":"Rostami-Hodjegan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199705)12:5<553::AID-GPS547>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Outcome of clozapine therapy for elderly patients with refractory primary psychosis","volume":"12","author":"Sajatovic","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.49.3.340","article-title":"Clozapine therapy for older veterans","volume":"49","author":"Sajatovic","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0235","first-page":"185","article-title":"Clozapine vs haloperidol therapy in elderly chronic schizophrenic inpatients - Preliminary results. A double-blind, cross-over randomized study","volume":"1","author":"Salganik","year":"1998","journal-title":"International Journal of Geriatric Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-199524310-00004","article-title":"Clozapine in older patients with psychosis and behavioral disruption","volume":"3","author":"Salzman","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.2955","article-title":"Efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability of antipsychotics in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a network meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Samara","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0250","first-page":"113","article-title":"Treatment of elderly institutionalized bipolar patients with clozapine","volume":"33","author":"Shulman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.177261","article-title":"Clozapine v. first- and second-generation antipsychotics in treatment-refractory schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"209","author":"Siskind","year":"2016","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0b013e32834405fc","article-title":"A study of the use of clozapine in old age psychiatry","volume":"26","author":"Snowdon","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0265","first-page":"511","article-title":"Clozapine and the development of salivary gland swelling: a case study","volume":"56","author":"Vasile","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1041610220004172_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sby052","article-title":"Clozapine and long-term mortality risk in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies lasting 1.1\u201312.5 years","volume":"45","author":"Vermeulen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"}],"container-title":["International Psychogeriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1041610224031545?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1041610224031545?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1041610220004172","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T21:23:10Z","timestamp":1736457790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1041610224031545"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1041610224031545"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1041610220004172","relation":{},"ISSN":["1041-6102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1041-6102","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A systematic review of clozapine\u2019s effectiveness for primary psychotic and bipolar disorders in older adults","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Psychogeriatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1041610220004172","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2021 International Psychogeriatric Association 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}