{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:37:42Z","timestamp":1791232662086,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,15]],"date-time":"2006-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1155600000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1871,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Young"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective:<\/jats:italic> To assess the incidence of depression, and the ability to interact socially, in adult patients with chronic cyanosis and congenital cardiac malformations. <jats:italic>Design:<\/jats:italic> Prospective study of consecutive patients. <jats:italic>Setting:<\/jats:italic> Single institution, tertiary referral centre. <jats:italic>Patients:<\/jats:italic> Between 1993 and 2000, we assessed 76 patients with congenital cardiac malformations and persistent cyanosis, having a median age of 36.5 years, with a range from 19 to 64 years, at the time of referral. Female patients accounted for just under half (48.6%) of the sample. Just under two-fifths of the cohort (39.5%) had functionally univentricular cardiac anatomy, while 14.8% had tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia and aorto-pulmonary collateral arteries, and 17% had the Eisenmenger syndrome. During the period of follow-up, 17 (22.4%) of the patients died. <jats:italic>Assessment:<\/jats:italic> We used clinical interviews and non-invasive assessment, employing Zung's questionnaire which provides a scale for the self-rating of depression. On this scale, a score above 50 points is indicative of depression. <jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic> Of the survivors, 32 (54%) completed the self-rating questionnaires. Of these, 20 responders (63%) considered that they lead full lives, including sexual activities, while 26 (81%) had never harboured suicidal thoughts. Depression was diagnosed in 11 responders (34%), with a mean score of 66.9, standard deviation of 8.7, and a range from 53 to 89. The remaining 21 patients (66%) were without signs of depression, scoring a mean of 41.5, with standard deviation of 5.5, and a range from 35 to 46. Depression was associated with older age (40.5 years versus 33.5 years, p =0.01), worse functional state in the classification of the New York Heart Association (2.95 versus 2.48, p =0.03), and unemployment (p &lt; 0.0001), but independent from the severity of cyanosis, the level of the haematocrit, the saturation of oxygen, or previous surgical treatment. <jats:italic>Conclusions:<\/jats:italic> To our knowledge, this is the first evidence suggesting a relatively high incidence of depression in adults with congenital cardiac malformations and persistent cyanosis. Larger, multi-centric studies will be needed to confirm or refute these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951101000488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,15]],"date-time":"2006-08-15T12:11:01Z","timestamp":1155643861000},"page":"379-384","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Are cyanosed adults with congenital cardiac malformations depressed?"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jana","family":"Popelov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zden\u011bk","family":"Slav\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"\u0161kovr\u00e1nek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,15]]},"container-title":["Cardiology in the Young"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1047951101000488","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T23:51:28Z","timestamp":1557273088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1047951101000488\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1047951101000488"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1047951101000488","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-9511","1467-1107"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1047-9511","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-1107","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]}}}