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Relocation of hepatic flow into the lungs usually causes these fistulas to disappear. Similar pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas are observed in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, and in liver disease (hepatopulmonary syndrome). There is no convincing identification yet of a responsible hepatic factor that produces these lesions. Candidates for such a factor are reviewed, and the possibility of angiotensin or bradykinin contributing to the fistulas is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951113000140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,5]],"date-time":"2013-03-05T12:55:11Z","timestamp":1362488111000},"page":"629-641","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Normal and abnormal pulmonary arteriovenous shunting: occurrence and mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Julien I.E.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290341"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2008.11.019"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(02)00852-0"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(00)70133-4"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.31.12.927"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/513903"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2150135110387310"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0129com"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.16.1820"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.107.165530"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4838(90)90259-I"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080207"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1126391"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2002.119699"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-2427"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20120030"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/IJGC:31:1-3:47"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2004.03.014"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00024.2009"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1978.sp012318"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6694369"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-006-1261-z"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)05019-1"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1163","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.281.3.H1163","article-title":"Angiotensin II and VEGF are involved in angiogenesis induced by short-term exercise training","volume":"281","author":"Amaral","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2009-0379OC"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-002-0266-5"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref57","first-page":"58","article-title":"Anomalous hepatic venous drainage into the left atrium: an unusual cause of hypoxemia","volume":"48","author":"Stoller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref32","first-page":"899","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of cava-pulmonary artery anastomosis","volume":"74","author":"Mathur","year":"1973","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.17.1.93"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951100006788"},{"key":"S1047951113000140_ref34","first-page":"IV131","article-title":"William Glenn lecture: the cavopulmonary shunt. 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