{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T18:20:42Z","timestamp":1794507642531,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,16]],"date-time":"2015-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424044800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Young"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1047951115000062_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the family psycho-social outcomes of children with Down syndrome and atrioventricular septal defect, and examine the impact of these variables on the child\u2019s neurodevelopmental outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1047951115000062_abs2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a cross-sectional study that consisted of 57 children with Down syndrome \u2013 20 cases and 37 controls \u2013 of ~12\u201314 months of age. In both groups, we assessed the development of the child, the quality of the child\u2019s home environment, and parenting stress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1047951115000062_abs3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with the Down syndrome without CHD group, the atrioventricular septal defect group revealed lower scores in all developmental domains, less optimal home environments, and higher parental stress. Significant differences in development were seen in the areas of cognition (p=0.04), expressive language (p=0.05), and gross motor (p&lt;0.01). The Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment revealed significant differences in emotional and verbal responsiveness of the mother between the two groups. The Parenting Stress Index revealed that the Down syndrome with atrioventricular septal defect group had a significantly higher child demandingness subdomain scores compared with the Down syndrome without CHD group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1047951115000062_abs4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The diagnosis of a CHD in addition to the diagnosis of Down syndrome may provide additional stress to the child and parents, elevating parental concern and disrupting family dynamics, resulting in further neurodevelopmental deficits. Finding that parental stress and home environment may play a role in the neurodevelopmental outcomes may prompt new family-directed interventions and anticipatory guidance for the families of children with Down syndrome who have a CHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951115000062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,16]],"date-time":"2015-02-16T02:55:05Z","timestamp":1424055305000},"page":"250-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Influence of CHDs on psycho-social and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with Down 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