{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T14:22:08Z","timestamp":1774448528539,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,20]],"date-time":"2016-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453248000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Young"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1047951115002656_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Heart murmurs are common in children and may represent congenital or acquired cardiac pathology. Auscultation is challenging and many primary-care physicians lack the skill to differentiate innocent from pathologic murmurs. We sought to determine whether computer-aided auscultation (Cardioscan<jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>) identifies which children require referral to a cardiologist.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951115002656_abs2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We consecutively enrolled children aged between 0 and 17 years with a murmur, innocent or pathologic, being evaluated in a tertiary-care cardiology clinic. Children being evaluated for the first time and patients with known cardiac pathology were eligible. We excluded children who had undergone cardiac surgery previously or were unable to sit still for auscultation. Cardioscan<jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>auscultation was performed in a quiet room with the subject in the supine position. The sensitivity and specificity of a potentially pathologic murmur designation by Cardioscan<jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>\u2013 that is, requiring referral \u2013 was determined using echocardiography as the reference standard.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951115002656_abs3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled 126 subjects (44% female) with a median age of 1.7 years, with 93 (74%) having cardiac pathology. The sensitivity and specificity of a potentially pathologic murmur determination by Cardioscan<jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>for identification of cardiac pathology were 83.9 and 30.3%, respectively, versus 75.0 and 71.4%, respectively, when limited to subjects with a heart rate of 50\u2013120 beats per minute. The combination of a Cardioscan<jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>potentially pathologic murmur designation or an abnormal electrocardiogram improved sensitivity to 93.5%, with no haemodynamically significant lesions missed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951115002656_abs4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sensitivity of Cardioscan<jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>when interpreted in conjunction with an abnormal electrocardiogram was high, although specificity was poor. Re-evaluation of computer-aided auscultation will remain necessary as advances in this technology become available.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951115002656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,20]],"date-time":"2016-01-20T14:05:16Z","timestamp":1453298716000},"page":"1359-1364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Computer-aided auscultation of murmurs in children: evaluation of commercially available software"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn N.","family":"Rankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin J.","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Mackie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1047951115002656_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chp.1340220304"},{"key":"S1047951115002656_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/10.2.95"},{"key":"S1047951115002656_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20185"},{"key":"S1047951115002656_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12062"},{"key":"S1047951115002656_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.91.2.365","article-title":"Cost assessment of the evaluation of heart murmurs in children","volume":"91","author":"Danford","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"S1047951115002656_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.127502"},{"key":"S1047951115002656_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.81.5.409"},{"key":"S1047951115002656_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198301133080201"},{"key":"S1047951115002656_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-7-23"},{"key":"S1047951115002656_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1996.02170270051007"},{"key":"S1047951115002656_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.22.2711"},{"key":"S1047951115002656_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5273(88)90196-9"},{"key":"S1047951115002656_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2008.06.015"},{"key":"S1047951115002656_ref9","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Users\u2019 Guide to the Medical Literature","author":"Jaeschke","year":"2002"},{"key":"S1047951115002656_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.43.3.323"},{"key":"S1047951115002656_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.86.4.497","article-title":"Initial evaluation of heart murmurs: are laboratory tests necessary?","volume":"86","author":"Smythe","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"S1047951115002656_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.12.018"},{"key":"S1047951115002656_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2006.09.001"}],"container-title":["Cardiology in the Young"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1047951115002656","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T00:55:59Z","timestamp":1654131359000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1047951115002656\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,20]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1047951115002656"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1047951115002656","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-9511","1467-1107"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1047-9511","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-1107","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2016\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}