{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:21:19Z","timestamp":1777670479750,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]],"date-time":"2017-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505088000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Young"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1047951117001676_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Echocardiographic screening represents an opportunity for reduction in the global burden of rheumatic heart disease. A focussed single-view screening protocol could allow for the rapid training of healthcare providers and screening of patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951117001676_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of a focussed single-view hand-held echocardiographic protocol for the diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951117001676_abs3\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of nine readers were divided into three reading groups; each interpreted 200 hand-held echocardiography studies retrospectively as screen-positive, if mitral regurgitation \u2a7e1.5 cm and\/or any aortic insufficiency were observed, or screen-negative from a pooled study library. The performance of experts receiving focussed hand-held protocols, non-experts receiving focussed hand-held protocols, and experts receiving complete hand-held protocols were determined in comparison with consensus interpretations on fully functional echocardiography machines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951117001676_abs4\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 587 studies including 76 on definite rheumatic heart disease, 122 on borderline rheumatic heart disease, and 389 on normal cases were available for analysis. The focussed single-view protocol had a sensitivity of 81.1%, specificity of 75.5%, negative predictive value of 88.5%, and a positive predictive value of 63.2%; expert readers had higher specificity (86.1 versus 64.8%, p&lt;0.01) but equal sensitivity. Sensitivity \u2013 experts, 96% and non-experts, 95% \u2013 and negative predictive value \u2013 experts, 99% and non-experts, 98% \u2013 were better for definite rheumatic heart disease. False-positive screening studies resulting from erroneous identification of mitral regurgitation and aortic insufficiency colour jets increased with shortened protocols and less experience (p&lt;0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951117001676_abs5\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data support a focussed screening protocol limited to parasternal long-axis images. This holds promise in making echocardiographic screening more practical in regions where rheumatic heart disease remains endemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951117001676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]],"date-time":"2017-09-11T01:40:32Z","timestamp":1505094032000},"page":"108-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["A focussed single-view hand-held echocardiography protocol for the detection of rheumatic heart disease"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Adriana","family":"Diamantino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Beaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Twalib","family":"Aliku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaciane","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cassio","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Perlman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmy","family":"Okello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio R. 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