{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T19:15:09Z","timestamp":1762542909424},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]],"date-time":"2018-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532476800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Young"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In recent years, there has been a rise in the number patients with CHD surviving into adulthood. Many have complications related to their CHD or its treatments, outside the heart, including ocular abnormalities. The objective of this review is to highlight the ocular abnormalities that occur in adults with CHD, either from their condition or related to the common drugs prescribed to manage it. In particular, we reviewed the effects of cyanosis, coarctation of the aorta, endocarditis, and the side effects of Sildenafil and Amiodarone. A change in the retinal vasculature is a common observation with cyanosis or coarctation of the aorta. Occlusion of the retinal vessels may also be observed in cyanotic patients, as well as those with infectious endocarditis. Sildenafil has established ocular side effects; here they are explored in the context of therapy for pulmonary hypertension. Similarly, Amiodarone has established ocular risks, which are summarised. The high prevalence of ocular consequences in adult CHD patients reinforces the need for knowledge of the risks involved and for frequent ophthalmological screening where appropriate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951118000859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]],"date-time":"2018-07-25T11:01:30Z","timestamp":1532516490000},"page":"981-985","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The eye in CHD"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Subha","family":"Nasir-Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"Cordina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Liew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"McCluskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Celermajer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.09.020"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.icu.0000143688.45232.15"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-011-1726-5"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(97)00118-5"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref38","first-page":"75","article-title":"Ocular side effects of sildenafil: study","volume":"4","author":"Kumari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Sci Study"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wirostko BM , Tressler C , Hwang LJ , Burgess G , Laties AM . Ocular safety of sildenafil citrate when administered chronically for pulmonary arterial hypertension: results from phase III, randomised, double masked, placebo controlled trial and open label extension. BMJ, 2012; 344: e554.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e554"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/vhrm.2006.2.4.411"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000016641.12984.DC"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.02.049"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)05473-7"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-7-57"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1994.01090170127034"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcv055"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-963338"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref23","first-page":"456","article-title":"Epidemiology of hypertensive retinopathy in young patients after coarctation of the aorta repair","volume":"106","author":"Potaz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Klin Oczna"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wathek C , Rannen R . Ocular manifestations of endocarditis. In Firstenberg MS (ed). Contemporary Challenges in Endocarditis. InTech, London, 2016: 95\u2013101.","DOI":"10.5772\/65313"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.09.046"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref22","first-page":"407","article-title":"Retinal changes associated with coarctation of the aorta","volume":"50","author":"Walker","year":"1952","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.03.129"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.35.3.143"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2014.330"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951114000262"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1977.tb05654.x"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1977.04450010031002"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1089-8603(02)00127-1"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-06-2326"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S104795111500044X"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.08.025","article-title":"Birth prevalence of congenital heart disease worldwide","volume":"58","author":"van Konings","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2008.05.001"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-008-0962-9"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wno.0000223279.55178.29"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08820530903400739"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2011.11.003"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000299"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.49.2.243","article-title":"Retinopathy and papilledema in cyanotic congenital heart disease","volume":"49","author":"Petersen","year":"1972","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.88.2.113"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200767010-00006"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001573-200401000-00010"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-1780"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahin O . Ocular complications of endocarditis. In Breijo-M\u00e1rquez FR (ed). Endocarditis. InTech, London, 2012: 125\u2013146.","DOI":"10.5772\/26929"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2003.11.081","article-title":"Visual short-term effects of Viagra: double-blind study in healthy young subjects","volume":"137","author":"Yu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)00927-8"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003470050403"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12401"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701408"},{"key":"S1047951118000859_ref6","first-page":"241","article-title":"Central retinal artery occlusion in eisenmenger syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Cardiology in the Young"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1047951118000859","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,28]],"date-time":"2022-08-28T04:51:11Z","timestamp":1661662271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1047951118000859\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1047951118000859"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1047951118000859","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-9511","1467-1107"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1047-9511","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-1107","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2018\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}