{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T15:03:43Z","timestamp":1790521423347,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]],"date-time":"2020-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579651200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Young"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1047951119002610_as1\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Duchenne muscular dystrophy is associated with progressive cardiorespiratory failure, including left ventricular dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951119002610_as2\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Methods and Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Males with probable or definite diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, diagnosed between 1 January, 1982 and 31 December, 2011, were identified from the Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance Tracking and Research Network database. Two non-mutually exclusive groups were created: patients with \u22652 echocardiograms and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation-compliant patients with \u22651 recorded ejection fraction. Quantitative left ventricular dysfunction was defined as an ejection fraction &lt;55%. Qualitative dysfunction was defined as mild, moderate, or severe. Progression of quantitative left ventricular dysfunction was modelled as a continuous time-varying outcome. Change in qualitative left ventricle function was assessed by the percentage of patients within each category at each age. Forty-one percent (n = 403) had \u22652 ejection fractions containing 998 qualitative assessments with a mean age at first echo of 10.8 \u00b1 4.6 years, with an average first ejection fraction of 63.1 \u00b1 12.6%. Mean age at first echo with an ejection fraction &lt;55 was 15.2 \u00b1 3.9 years. Thirty-five percent (140\/403) were non-invasive positive pressure ventilation-compliant and had ejection fraction information. The estimated rate of decline in ejection fraction from first ejection fraction was 1.6% per year and initiation of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation did not change this rate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951119002610_as3\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In our cohort, we observed that left ventricle function in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy declined over time, independent of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation use. Future studies are needed to examine the impact of respiratory support on cardiac function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951119002610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]],"date-time":"2020-01-22T09:28:39Z","timestamp":1579685319000},"page":"171-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Left ventricular dysfunction in Duchenne muscular dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5119-398X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine A.","family":"James","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Gralla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie A.","family":"Ridall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ThuyQuynh 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