{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T10:57:12Z","timestamp":1784545032344,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579824000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Young"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1047951120000037_as1\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sickle cell anaemia is characterised by frequent, sometimes serious events referred to as \u201ccrisis\u201d. Cardiopulmonary consequences such as pulmonary hypertension and myocardial ischaemia may accompany a serious crisis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951120000037_as2\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the cardiovascular changes that occur during a severe sickle cell crisis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951120000037_as3\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional comparative study of sickle cell anaemia in children (5\u201317 years) admitted during a severe crisis (cases) and those in steady state (controls) was conducted over a 2-year period. Effects of the crisis on the cardiopulmonary system were assessed. The diagnosis of myocardial ischaemia was made using electrocardiography and serological cardiac biomarkers, while cardiac dysfunction and the presence of pulmonary hypertension were determined using echocardiography. The presence of systemic hypertension and tachycardia was also evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951120000037_as4\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 176 patients were recruited, 92 in steady state (male:female ratio, 1.2:1) and 84 in severe crisis (male:female ratio, 1.3:1). The mean age was 10.4 \u00b1 3.2 years for steady state and 10.5 \u00b1 3.4 years for those in crisis. The mean heart rate in crisis was higher than in steady state (p &lt; 0.0001). The blood pressures (systolic, p &lt; 0.0001, diastolic, p &lt; 0.0001, mean, p &lt; 0.0001) as well as myocardial ischaemia scores (p &lt; 0.0001) were higher in patients with crisis than in those in steady state. Similarly, conduction abnormalities, pulmonary hypertension, and ventricular dysfunction were more prevalent in the crisis than in the steady state.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951120000037_as5\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present data suggest that sickle cell crisis results in a derangement of clinical, electrocardiographical, and echocardiographical parameters in children with sickle cell anaemia. Further research on these cardiovascular events may improve the overall care of these patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951120000037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T07:12:03Z","timestamp":1579849923000},"page":"162-170","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cardiovascular changes in children with sickle cell crisis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6240-3786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Onalo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoinette","family":"Cilliers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uche","family":"Nnebe-Agumadu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1047951120000037_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-03-0948"},{"key":"S1047951120000037_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200710-1606OC"},{"key":"S1047951120000037_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-200093060-00009","article-title":"Blood pressure in acute vaso-occlusive crises of sickle cell disease","volume":"93","author":"Emst","year":"2000","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"S1047951120000037_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90884-9"},{"key":"S1047951120000037_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1981.00340070071015"},{"key":"S1047951120000037_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2009.03.026"},{"key":"S1047951120000037_ref25","first-page":"172","volume-title":"Moss and Adams\u2019 Heart Disease in Infants, Children, and Adolescents","author":"Mortens","year":"2013"},{"key":"S1047951120000037_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02973-X"},{"key":"S1047951120000037_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2006.09.001"},{"key":"S1047951120000037_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2000.2399"},{"key":"S1047951120000037_ref18","unstructured":"18. The Society for Cardiological Science and Technology. Clinical guidelines by consensus. Recording a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram. An approved methodology, 2010. 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