{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T00:32:18Z","timestamp":1769214738162,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587081600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Young"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1047951120000761_as1\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate heart rate against workload and oxygen consumption during exercise in Fontan patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951120000761_as2\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fontan patients (n = 27) and healthy controls (n = 25) underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing with linear increase of load. Heart rate and oxygen uptake were measured during tests. Heart rate recovery was recorded for 10 minutes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951120000761_as3\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Heart rate at midpoint (140 \u00b1 14 versus 153 \u00b1 11, p &lt; 0.001) and at maximal effort (171 \u00b1 14 versus 191 \u00b1 10 beats per minute, p &lt; 0.001) of test was lower for patients than controls. Heart rate recovery was similar between groups. Heart rate in relation to workload was higher for patients than controls both at midpoint and maximal effort. Heart rate in relation to oxygen uptake was similar between groups throughout test. Oxygen pulse, an indirect surrogate measure of stroke volume, was reduced at maximal effort in patients compared to controls (6.6 \u00b1 1.1 versus 7.5 \u00b1 1.4 ml\u00b7beat<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>, p &lt; 0.05) and increased significantly less from midpoint to maximal effort for patients than controls (p &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951120000761_as4\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Heart rate is increased in relation to workload in Fontan patients compared with controls. At higher loads, Fontan patients seem to have reduced heart rate and smaller increase in oxygen pulse, which may be explained by inability to further increase stroke volume and cardiac output. Reduced ability to increase or maintain stroke volume at higher heart rates may be an important limiting factor for maximal cardiac output, oxygen uptake, and physical performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951120000761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T08:19:30Z","timestamp":1587111570000},"page":"674-680","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Appropriate heart rate during exercise in Fontan patients"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3064-155X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva 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