{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:58:26Z","timestamp":1760029106483,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605657600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Young"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1047951120004400_as1\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>COVD-19 pandemic has overwhelmed many healthcare systems worldwide. Underlying cardiovascular disease predisposes to greater disease susceptibility and more complications including mortality. Such data is unverified in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD). The aim of the study is to report the Tehran experience with respect to preventative self-care measures, disease exposure, susceptibility, and outcomes after COVD-19 infection in ACHD patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951120004400_as2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A telephone-based survey was conducted in ACHD patients, focusing on new-onset symptoms that might indicate COVID-19 infection, prevention measures, confirmed infection rates, and outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951120004400_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three-hundred and nine ACHD patients, with a mean age of 29.13 years (range from 14 to 72 years, SD = 10.64), and 170 (55%) women were assessed. The majority (86.7%) had moderate or complex ACHD. Two-thirds (67.3%) of the patients practiced high-level preventative self-care measures. After community exposure, 33.3% developed COVID-19, and after household exposure, 43.7% developed COVID-19. There was only one mortality in a post-operative patient. Thirty-seven patients (12%) reported new symptoms including cough (10%), fatigue (8%), fever (7%), and new dyspnoea (6.5%). Amongst 18 (6%) with confirmed COVID-19, there was only 1 mortality in a post-operative patient. Age (adjusted OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.07\u20131.31, p = 0.001), contact with confirmed COVID-19 cases (adjusted OR = 59.34, 95% CI: 3.68\u2013955.10, p = 0.004) were independently associated with COVID-19 infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951120004400_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mortality risk associated with COVID-19 infection in ACHD patients with moderate or severe disease appears to be relatively low, similar to the general population. Such risk appears to act through conventional risk factors, and in this cohort, we demonstrated age as a significant risk factor in addition to exposure to the development of COVID-19 infection. Preventative self-care measures are a potentially significant and impactful intervention target for intervention and for improving outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951120004400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T05:20:37Z","timestamp":1605676837000},"page":"617-626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lessons learnt from COVID-19 in adult congenital heart patient in Tehran: a survey-based study of prevention, exposure, susceptibility, and outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Shabnam","family":"Mohammadzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2952-9595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Mehrakizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Safari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Mirzaaghayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roya Sattarzade","family":"Badkoubeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anahita","family":"Tavoosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akram","family":"Sardari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saba","family":"Mohammadzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farnoosh","family":"Larti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9336-2662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gruschen R","family":"Veldtman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1047951120004400_ref8","unstructured":"8. Statement on the meeting of the International Health Regulations. Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus 2019 (n-CoV) on 23 January 2020, 2005. Available from: \u2013\u2013https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/detail\/23\u201301\u20132020-statement-on-themeeting-of-the-international-healthregulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novelcoronavirus-(2019-ncov)."},{"key":"S1047951120004400_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa407"},{"key":"S1047951120004400_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.10.2000180"},{"key":"S1047951120004400_ref4","first-page":"e637","article-title":"2018 AHA\/ACC guideline for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"139","author":"Stout","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"S1047951120004400_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319876231"},{"key":"S1047951120004400_ref1","first-page":"e00424","article-title":"Economic inequality in outpatient healthcare utilization: the case of Iran","volume":"18","author":"Vahedi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Res Health Sci"},{"key":"S1047951120004400_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319876231"},{"key":"S1047951120004400_ref3","unstructured":"3. https:\/\/www.uofmhealth.org\/coronavirus\/covid-19-patient-specific-guidelines."},{"key":"S1047951120004400_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12040988"},{"key":"S1047951120004400_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-317258"},{"key":"S1047951120004400_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.03.063"}],"container-title":["Cardiology in the Young"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1047951120004400","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T08:05:28Z","timestamp":1626422728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1047951120004400\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1047951120004400"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1047951120004400","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-9511","1467-1107"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1047-9511"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1467-1107"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}