{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T18:31:06Z","timestamp":1774895466699,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]],"date-time":"2021-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612396800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Young"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1047951121000226_as1\"><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the efficacy and safety of captopril, simvastatin, and L-carnitine as cardioprotective drugs in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus on different echocardiographic parameters, electrocardiographic parameter, lipid profile, and carotid intima\u2013media thickness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951121000226_as2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This randomised controlled trial was conducted on 100 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus for more than 3 years during the period from September 2018 to June 2020. Fifty healthy children of matched age and sex served as a control group. The patients were randomly assigned into four groups (25 children each): no-treatment group who received no cardioprotective drug, simvastatin group who received simvastatin (10\u201320\u00a0mg\/day), captopril group who received captopril (0.2\u00a0mg\/kg\/day), and L-carnitine group who received L-carnitine (50\u00a0mg\/kg\/day) for 4 months. Lipid profile, serum troponin I, carotid intima\u2013media thickness, and echocardiographic examinations were performed on all included children before and after the treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951121000226_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein were signi\ufb01cantly decreased in children who received simvastatin or L-carnitine. Triglycerides significantly decreased only in children who received simvastatin. High-density lipoprotein significantly increased in simvastatin and L-carnitine groups only. Serum troponin I decreased significantly in all the three treatment groups. Carotid intima\u2013media thickness showed no significant change in all treatment groups. Echocardiographic parameters significantly improved in simvastatin, L-carnitine, and captopril groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951121000226_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Captopril, simvastatin, and L-carnitine have a significant beneficial effect on cardiac functions in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, only simvastatin and L-carnitine have a beneficial effect on the lipid profile. The drugs were safe and well tolerated.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Clinical trial registration: The clinical trial was registered at <jats:uri xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.clinicaltrial.gov\">www.clinicaltrial.gov<\/jats:uri> (NCT03660293).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951121000226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]],"date-time":"2021-02-04T07:59:12Z","timestamp":1612425552000},"page":"1315-1322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparative study of the efficacy of captopril, simvastatin, and L-carnitine as cardioprotective drugs in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Alshimaa","family":"Badreldeen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osama","family":"El Razaky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"Erfan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amal","family":"El-Bendary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7836-1170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doaa","family":"El Amrousy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1047951121000226_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.36.2.239"},{"key":"S1047951121000226_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2084"},{"key":"S1047951121000226_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00744.x"},{"key":"S1047951121000226_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfl356"},{"key":"S1047951121000226_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.6.6.915"},{"key":"S1047951121000226_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-0805"},{"key":"S1047951121000226_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1703518"},{"key":"S1047951121000226_ref11","first-page":"785","article-title":"Primary carnitine deficiency and cardiomyopathy","volume":"43","author":"Fu","year":"2013","journal-title":"n.a. 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