{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T15:53:39Z","timestamp":1783785219234,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623888000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Young"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1047951121001803_as1\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tetralogy of Fallot is a common CHD. Studies have shown a close link between heart failure and myocardial fibrosis. Interleukin-6 has been suggested to be a post-independent factor of heart failure. This study aimed to explore the relationship between IL-6 and myocardial fibrosis during cardiopulmonary bypass.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951121001803_as2\"><jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We downloaded the expression profile dataset GSE132176 from Gene Expression Omnibus. After normalising the raw data, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and differential gene expression analysis were performed using R. Further, a weighted gene correlation network analysis and a protein\u2013protein interaction network analysis were used to identify HUB genes. Finally, we downloaded single-cell expression data for HUB genes using PanglaoDB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951121001803_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 119 differentially expressed genes in right atrium tissues comparing the post-CPB group with the pre-CPB group. <jats:italic>IL-6<\/jats:italic> was found to be significantly up-regulated in the post-CPB group. Six genes (<jats:italic>JUN<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>FOS<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ATF3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>EGR1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IL-6<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>PTGS2<\/jats:italic>) were identified as HUB genes by a weighted gene correlation network analysis and a protein\u2013protein interaction network analysis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that IL-6 affects the myocardium during CPB mainly through the JAK\/STAT signalling pathway. Finally, we used PanglaoDB data to analyse the single-cell expression of the HUB genes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951121001803_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that high expression of IL-6 and the activation of the JAK\/STAT signalling pathway during CPB maybe the potential mechanism of myocardial fibrosis. We speculate that the high expression of IL-6 might be an important factor leading to heart failure after ToF surgery. We expect that these findings will provide a basis for the development of targeted drugs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951121001803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T08:30:25Z","timestamp":1623918625000},"page":"223-229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Identification of IL-6 as a potential mediator of the myocardial fibrosis that occurs in response to surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in children with Tetralogy of Fallot"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5532-5599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongtao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhai","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1047951121001803_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2019.1617614"},{"key":"S1047951121001803_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12254"},{"key":"S1047951121001803_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-013-1349-6"},{"key":"S1047951121001803_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506580102"},{"key":"S1047951121001803_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.094524"},{"key":"S1047951121001803_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R800094-JLR200"},{"key":"S1047951121001803_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.116.005695"},{"key":"S1047951121001803_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/minf.201600132"},{"key":"S1047951121001803_ref37","first-page":"466","article-title":"Losartan reduces myocardial interstitial fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy rats by inhibiting JAK\/STAT signaling pathway","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Path"},{"key":"S1047951121001803_ref7","first-page":"S272","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary Bypass-Induced Inflammatory Response: pathophysiology and Treatment","volume":"17","author":"Bronicki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med J Soc Crit Care Med World Federation Pediatr Intens Crit Care Soc"},{"key":"S1047951121001803_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-8-S4-S11"},{"key":"S1047951121001803_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2014.06.001"},{"key":"S1047951121001803_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808393105"},{"key":"S1047951121001803_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01778"},{"key":"S1047951121001803_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.690487"},{"key":"S1047951121001803_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. 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