{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:48:30Z","timestamp":1791402510281,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Young"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S104795112100367X_as1\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prognosis of fetuses with hydrops and tachyarrhythmia has been portrayed as poor in most published reports. This might lead to biased counselling, unnecessary caesarean section, preterm delivery, and even termination of pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S104795112100367X_as2\"><jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate contemporary fetal and postnatal outcomes of hydropic fetuses with fetal tachyarrhythmia when it is treated effectively and monitored systematically.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S104795112100367X_as3\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a retrospective review of a single centre experience at the University Hospital of Wales over a 20-year period. All fetuses received high doses of flecainide and digoxin combination treatment. Tachycardia response rate, time to arrhythmia and hydrops resolution, fetal and postnatal morbidity, and mortality rates were analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S104795112100367X_as4\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty fetuses were diagnosed with hydrops fetalis and received treatment. The mechanism of fetal tachyarrhythmia was supraventricular tachycardia in thirteen and atrial flutter in eight cases. Among the 20 fetuses treated, the overall tachycardia response rate was 90% (18\/20) with the restoration of sinus rhythm in 85% (17\/20) of the cases. The median time to restore sinus rhythm or to rate control of the arrhythmia was 1.5 days (range 12 hours to 13 days). Hydrops resolved in 17 of the 20 fetuses, with a median time of 12 days (range 3\u201321 days). Four fetuses went into spontaneous preterm birth and one fetus was delivered early due to worsening hydrops. No significant neurological morbidity was observed in surviving neonates and infants on clinical examination. There was one postnatal death due to respiratory complications of prematurity in the non-responsive supraventricular tachycardia case.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S104795112100367X_as5\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>High-dose flecainide and digoxin combination offers effective treatment strategy in fetuses with hydrops and tachyarrhythmia with favourable outcomes. This study may guide more realistic counselling for pregnancies complicated by tachyarrhythmia and hydrops.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s104795112100367x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T08:28:08Z","timestamp":1632385688000},"page":"1077-1084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Favourable outcome for hydrops or cardiac failure associated with fetal tachyarrhythmia: a 20-year review"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4600-8986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulhan","family":"Tunca Sahin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert Bryan","family":"Beattie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orhan","family":"Uzun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.542"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-021-02549-6"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref9","volume-title":"Maternity Professional Forum and the Cardiff and Vale Health Board","author":"Uzun","year":"2018"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14406"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03343825"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0960-7692.2001.00562.x"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.026120"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.01.029"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-017-1707-5"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000109494.05317.58"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref6","first-page":"575","article-title":"Management strategy for fetal tachycardia","volume":"96","author":"Cuneo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5144"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1991.01030162.x"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1064"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016597"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951109990497"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.89.8.913"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.65.1.46"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.07.031"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz467"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.23.2721"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2010.11.001"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1106"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198908103210629"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2005.08.009"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.01.388"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951111001272"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.03.023"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12390"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref12","volume-title":"The Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales Manual from Birth to Two Years","author":"Huntley","year":"1996"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007164"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref19","first-page":"185","article-title":"Fetal tachyarrhythmia - part II: treatment","volume":"4","author":"Oudijk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/sper.2000.1654"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref2","first-page":"576","article-title":"Fetal tachycardias: management and outcome of 127 consecutive cases","volume":"79","author":"Simpson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Heart (British Cardiac Society)"},{"key":"S104795112100367X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(96)00054-X"}],"container-title":["Cardiology in the Young"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S104795112100367X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T12:45:00Z","timestamp":1699533900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S104795112100367X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S104795112100367X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s104795112100367x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-9511","1467-1107"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1047-9511","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-1107","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}