{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T01:36:21Z","timestamp":1792373781211,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Young"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1047951121004066_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Iron deficiency is associated with worse outcomes in children and adults with systolic heart failure. While oral iron replacement has been shown to be ineffective in adults with heart failure, its efficacy in children with heart failure is unknown. We hypothesised that oral iron would be ineffective in replenishing iron stores in \u226550% of children with heart failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1047951121004066_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a single-centre retrospective cohort study of patients aged \u226421 years with systolic heart failure and iron deficiency who received oral iron between 01\/2013 and 04\/2019. Iron deficiency was defined as \u22652 of the following: serum iron &lt;50 mcg\/dL, serum ferritin &lt;20 ng\/mL, transferrin &gt;300 ng\/mL, transferrin saturation &lt;15%. Iron studies and haematologic indices pre- and post-iron therapy were compared using paired-samples Wilcoxon test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1047951121004066_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-one children with systolic heart failure and iron deficiency (median age 11 years, 49% female) met inclusion criteria. Heart failure aetiologies included cardiomyopathy (51%), congenital heart disease (37%), and history of heart transplantation with graft dysfunction (12%). Median dose of oral iron therapy was 2.9 mg\/kg\/day of elemental iron, prescribed for a median duration of 96 days. Follow-up iron testing was available for 20 patients, of whom 55% (11\/20) remained iron deficient despite oral iron therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1047951121004066_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first report on the efficacy of oral iron therapy in children with heart failure. Over half of the children with heart failure did not respond to oral iron and remained iron deficient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951121004066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T07:05:14Z","timestamp":1633935914000},"page":"1302-1309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Poor efficacy of oral iron replacement therapy in pediatric patients with heart failure"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7783-2655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kriti","family":"Puri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Spinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacquelyn M.","family":"Powers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan W.","family":"Denfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hari P.","family":"Tunuguntla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swati","family":"Choudhry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Dreyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack F.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.973826"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.823"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038516"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref14","unstructured":"14. WHO\/NHD\/01.3. Iron deficiency anaemia: assessment, prevention, and control. A guide for programme managers, Table A5. Retrieved December 1, 2020, fromhttp:\/\/www.who.int\/nutrition\/publications\/en\/ida_assessment_prevention_control.pdf"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu385"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.5427"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.12.040"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2017.08.023"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref13","unstructured":"13. WHO (WHO\/NMH\/NHD\/MNM\/11.1).Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. Vitamin and mineral nutrition information system. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2011. Retrieved December 1, 2020, from https:\/\/www.who.int\/vmnis\/indicators\/haemoglobin\/en\/"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref19","unstructured":"19 KDIGO. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for anemia in chronic kidney disease, 2012. Retrieved April 1, 2021, fromhttps:\/\/kdigo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/KDIGO-2012-Anemia-Guideline-English.pdf"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-011-1946-2"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-012-0306-8"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002767"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1154"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000000725"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2012.03.001"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2576"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.027497"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref1","volume-title":"Iron Deficiency in Infants and Children <12 Years: Screening, Prevention, Clinical Manifestations, and Diagnosis","author":"Powers","year":"2020"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-01-258467"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000509"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.25861"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.09.1089"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref28","volume-title":"Iron Requirements and Iron Deficiency in Adolescents","author":"Powers","year":"2020"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2018.07.015"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0572"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref16","unstructured":"16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved April 21, 2021, fromhttps:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/growthcharts\/clinical_charts.htm"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2013.01.017"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006101"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002885"},{"key":"S1047951121004066_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.08.060"}],"container-title":["Cardiology in the Young"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1047951121004066","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T04:41:38Z","timestamp":1660624898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1047951121004066\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1047951121004066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1047951121004066","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-9511","1467-1107"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1047-9511","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-1107","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2021. 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