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Patients aged 15\u00a0years and older were screened by patient questionnaire, and the presence of oedema was confirmed by subsequent physical exam. Twenty-four of 52 patients (46%) had oedema, 12 of whom had swelling extending above the foot and two with sores\/skin breakdown. There was no significant difference in age, frequency, or duration of glucocorticoid use, non-invasive respiratory support use, forced vital capacity, cardiac medication use, or ejection fraction between patients with and without oedema (all p &gt; 0.2). Those with oedema had a greater time since the loss of ambulation (8.4\u00a0years versus 3.5\u00a0years; p = 0.004), higher body mass index (28.3 versus 24.8; p = 0.014), and lower frequency of deflazacort use (67% versus 89%; p = 0.008). Multivariate analysis revealed a longer duration of loss of ambulation (p = 0.02) and higher body mass index (p = 0.009) as predictors of oedema. Lower extremity oedema is common in Duchenne muscular dystrophy but independent of cardiac function. Interventions focused on minimising body mass index increases over time may be a therapeutic target.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951122001342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T07:27:11Z","timestamp":1652426831000},"page":"597-602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Obesity and loss of ambulation are associated with lower extremity oedema in Duchenne muscular dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7312-9786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua M","family":"Freytag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4237-576X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas D","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean 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