{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T07:31:12Z","timestamp":1776497472088,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683158400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Young"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1047951123001038_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to assess cardiac autonomic balance with heart rate variability by using 24-hour Holter electrocardiography and also to assess susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias by using microvolt T wave alternance in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951123001038_as2\"><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was conducted with age- and gender-matched groups of 40 patients taking long-acting methylphenidate for more than a year and 55 healthy controls. Heart rate variability analysis for cardiac autonomic functions and microvolt T wave alternance measurements for susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias were evaluated by 24-hour Holter electrocardiography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951123001038_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean age 10.9 \u00b1 2.7 years, mean duration of therapy 22.76 months, and mean methylphenidate doses were 37.64 mg\/day. The study group had considerably higher rMSSD, higher HF, and a lower LF\/HF ratio (respectively, p : 0.02, p : 0.001 and p : 0.01). While parasympathetic activity parameters were elevated, sympathetic activity parameters were low during the sleep period. Increase in the microvolt T wave alternance values of the study group was not found to be statistically significant (p &gt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951123001038_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In children taking long-acting methylphenidate, the autonomic balance was shown to be in favour of the parasympathetic system. Determination of the vulnerability to life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias has been evaluated for the first time in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Accordingly, microvolt T-wave alternance values give the notion that drug use is safe.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951123001038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T05:36:53Z","timestamp":1683178613000},"page":"32-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The effect of long-term use of methylphenidate on cardiac autonomic functions and ventricular arrhythmogenesis: a prospective case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Rahmi","family":"Ozdemir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya\u015far","family":"Tan\u0131r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Batuhan Berk","family":"Demir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seheryeli","family":"Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6344-7035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damla","family":"Ge\u00e7kalan Soysal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0529-2391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cem","family":"Karadeniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1047951123001038_ref3","first-page":"961","article-title":"Human sinus arrhythmia as an index of vagal cardiac outflow","volume":"54","author":"Eckberg","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol"},{"key":"S1047951123001038_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anec.12315"},{"key":"S1047951123001038_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000443574"},{"key":"S1047951123001038_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000317548"},{"key":"S1047951123001038_ref6","first-page":"657","article-title":"Current strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"79","author":"Rader","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"S1047951123001038_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.8.837"},{"key":"S1047951123001038_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.2010.00354.x"},{"key":"S1047951123001038_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2008.0128"},{"key":"S1047951123001038_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X16999201231203854"},{"key":"S1047951123001038_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2015.56.5.1365"},{"key":"S1047951123001038_ref12","first-page":"354","article-title":"Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. 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