{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T15:25:38Z","timestamp":1766503538672,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Young"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1047951123001324_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>CHDs correspond to 28% of all congenital anomalies, being the leading cause of infant mortality in the first year of life. Thus, it is essential to explore risk factors for CHDs presentation, allowing the detection of probable cases within a population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951123001324_as2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified newborns with CHDs within a cohort from the Program for the Prevention and Monitoring of Congenital Defects in Bogota and Cali, 2002\u20132020. Cases were classified as isolated, complex isolated, polymalformed, and syndromic. Variables were analysed by comparing case and control averages with Student\u2019s t test using a 95% confidence level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951123001324_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence obtained was 19.36 per 10 000 live births; non-specified CHD, ventricular septal defect, and atrial septal defect were the most prevalent. As risk factors were found: paternal and maternal age above 45 years, pregestational diabetes, mother\u2019s body mass index above 25, low educational level, and socio-economic status. As protective factors: folic acid consumption within the first trimester and pregestational period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951123001324_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Different risk and protective factors associated with the presentation of CHDs have been described. We consider that public health strategies should be aimed to reduce risk factors exposure. Also, improving diagnosis and prognosis by having a close monitoring on high-risk patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951123001324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T11:46:57Z","timestamp":1686829617000},"page":"178-182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Risk factors characterisation for CHD: a case\u2013control study in Bogota and Cali, Colombia, 2002\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8451-5041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esteban","family":"Portilla R.","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vyara","family":"Harizanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Sarmiento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Holgu\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Gracia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Hurtado-Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Zarante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1047951123001324_ref23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gestational age and outcomes in critical congenital heart disease","volume":"1","author":"Steurer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"S1047951123001324_ref19","first-page":"1","volume-title":"PLOS ONE","volume":"15","author":"Dolk","year":"2020"},{"key":"S1047951123001324_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23507"},{"key":"S1047951123001324_ref5","unstructured":"5. Casta\u00f1o, SP. Informe de Evento: Defectos Cong\u00e9nitos PE XII 2020. 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Ministerio de Salud y Protecci\u00f3n Social, Rep\u00fablica de Colombia. Resoluci\u00f3n 3280 de 2018. MinSalud, Colombia, 2018."},{"key":"S1047951123001324_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-307691"},{"key":"S1047951123001324_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000356568"},{"volume-title":"JRC-EUROCAT Report on Statistical Monitoring of Congenital Anomalies (2008 - 2017)","year":"2020","author":"Kinsner-Ovaskainen","key":"S1047951123001324_ref9"},{"key":"S1047951123001324_ref15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Risk of major congenital malformations in relation to maternal overweight and obesity severity: cohort study of 1.2 million singletons","volume":"357","author":"Persson","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"S1047951123001324_ref21","unstructured":"21. Acevedo, L , Valle, EM . Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estad\u00edsticas, Direcci\u00f3n de Censos y Demograf\u00eda. 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DANE, Rep\u00fablica de Colombia, 2018."},{"key":"S1047951123001324_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.10.050"},{"key":"S1047951123001324_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.34130"},{"key":"S1047951123001324_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/SARH1404243M"},{"key":"S1047951123001324_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.627224"},{"key":"S1047951123001324_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v38i0.3381"},{"key":"S1047951123001324_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1553"},{"key":"S1047951123001324_ref22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Association between advanced paternal age and congenital heart defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Joinau-Zoulovits","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"S1047951123001324_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-019-05376-6"},{"key":"S1047951123001324_ref28","first-page":"1","article-title":"Maternal body mass index and risk of congenital heart defects in infants: a dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"2019","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"S1047951123001324_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08506"},{"key":"S1047951123001324_ref36","first-page":"1","volume-title":"An\u00e1lisis de Situaci\u00f3n de Pa\u00eds para la Fortificaci\u00f3n del Arroz: Colombia","author":"Rozo","year":"2016"},{"key":"S1047951123001324_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12687-019-00449-0"},{"key":"S1047951123001324_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz009"}],"container-title":["Cardiology in the Young"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1047951123001324","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T12:49:21Z","timestamp":1737982161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1047951123001324\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1047951123001324"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1047951123001324","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-9511","1467-1107"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1047-9511"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1467-1107"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2023. 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