{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T05:22:42Z","timestamp":1736486562412,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728518400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Young"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1047951124025435_as1\"><jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tetralogy of Fallot patients face an elevated risk of developing chylothorax and pleural effusions post-surgery. This patient group exhibits risk factors known to compromise the lymphatic system, such as elevated central venous pressure, pulmonary flow changes, and hypoxia. This study investigates the morphology and function of the lymphatic system in tetralogy of Fallot patients through lymphatic magnetic resonance imaging and near-infrared fluorescence imaging, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951124025435_as2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Post-repair tetralogy of Fallot patients aged 6\u201318 years were recruited, along with age and gender-matched controls. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess the morphology of the thoracic lymphatic vessels and the thoracic, while near-infrared fluorescence imaging was used to assess lymphatic activity utilising lymph rate, velocity, and pressure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951124025435_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nine patients and 10 controls were included. Echocardiography revealed that 2\/3 of the patients had moderate-severe pulmonary regurgitation, while none displayed signs of elevated central venous pressure. Magnetic resonance imaging identified three patients with type 3 (out of 4 types) lymphatic abnormalities, while controls had none. The thoracic ducts showed severe (one patient) and moderate (one patient) tortuosity. Mean thoracic duct diameters were 3.3 mm \u00b11.1 in patients and 3.0 mm \u00b1 0.8 in controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-value = 0.53). Near-infrared fluorescence imaging revealed no anomalous patterns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951124025435_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite no presence of clinical lymphatic disease, 3\/9 of the repaired tetralogy of Fallot patients exhibited lymphatic morphological abnormalities. The significance of these anomalies remains uncertain currently. Further research is needed to determine whether these lymphatic alterations in this patient cohort are a result of congenital malformations, haemodynamic shifts, or prenatal and early-life saturation levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951124025435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T12:27:05Z","timestamp":1728563225000},"page":"2105-2111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lymphatic magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in children with repaired tetralogy of Fallot"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8683-3254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Holm-Weber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheyanth","family":"Mohanakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thora Wesenberg","family":"Helt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lotte","family":"Borgwardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lise","family":"Borgwardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Juul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vibeke B.","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vibeke E.","family":"Hjortdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00324.2011"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.118.008074"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000696"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-4-2"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2069.64368"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(21)00763-2"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80882-1"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14862"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/80.7.867"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-6684-9_2"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.25487"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.6.1782"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1988.254.3.H487"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2018.10.015"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13569"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.014148"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2013.12.037"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198405000-00009"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2019.0041"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-023-00937-w"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref30","first-page":"24821","article-title":"Role of hypoxia and vascular endothelial growth factors in lymphangiogenesis","volume":"2","author":"Morfoisse","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Cell Oncol"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1990.258.1.R240"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.39.6.723"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8191.1997.tb00097.x"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019180877"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.10179"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref26","article-title":"Effects of an Aorticopulmonary Shunt on Lung Fluid Balance in the Young Lamb","volume":"26","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int Pediatr Res Found Inc"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12836"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15289"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23707"},{"key":"S1047951124025435_ref31","first-page":"29376","article-title":"Lymphatic Abnormalities on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Single-Ventricle Congenital Heart Defects Before Glenn Operation","volume":"12","author":"Kristensen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Hear Assoc Cardiovasc Cerebrovasc Dis"}],"container-title":["Cardiology in the Young"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1047951124025435","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T13:57:48Z","timestamp":1736431068000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1047951124025435\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1047951124025435"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1047951124025435","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-9511","1467-1107"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1047-9511"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1467-1107"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}