{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:49:58Z","timestamp":1789516198305,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740614400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Young"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1047951125000162_as1\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of death in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The relationship between cardiac and skeletal muscle progression is unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between muscle activity and cardiomyopathy. We hypothesised that cardiomyopathy and skeletal muscle activity are directly related.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951125000162_as2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Physical activity was assessed with accelerometers worn for 7 days. Average activity (vector magnitude\/min) and percentage of time in different activities were reported. Cardiac MRI was used to assess left ventricular ejection fraction, global circumferential strain (Ecc), late gadolinium enhancement, and cardiac index. Associations were assessed between physical activity and cardiac variables using a Spearman correlation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951125000162_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Duchenne muscular dystrophy subjects (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 46) with an average age of 13 \u00b1 4 years had a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 57 \u00b1 8%. All physical activity measures showed significant correlations with left ventricular ejection fraction (rho = 0.38, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01) and left ventricular cardiac index (rho = 0.51, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Less active subjects had lower left ventricular ejection fraction (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.10) and left ventricular cardiac index (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Non-ambulatory patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 29) demonstrated a stronger association between physical activity and left ventricular ejection fraction (rho = 0.40, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.03) while ambulatory patients demonstrated a stronger association between physical activity and left ventricular cardiac index (rho = 0.53, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.03). Ecc did not associate with physical activity in either cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951125000162_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Physical activity correlates with left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular cardiac index and is modified by ambulation. Future analysis should assess the temporal relationship between physical activity and cardiomyopathy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951125000162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T07:21:11Z","timestamp":1740640871000},"page":"688-694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Physical activity and cardiac function in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6624-1152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"Killian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaclyn","family":"Tamaroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karry","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Crum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"George-Durrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry W.","family":"Markham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Buchowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Bryan","family":"Burnette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9194-5330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan H.","family":"Soslow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1047951125000162_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e3181e373a2"},{"key":"S1047951125000162_ref14","first-page":"277","article-title":"Beyond ambulation: Measuring physical activity in youth with Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"30","author":"Killian","year":"2020","journal-title":"NMD"},{"key":"S1047951125000162_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-014-0963-x"},{"key":"S1047951125000162_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073814530502"},{"key":"S1047951125000162_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JND-200478"},{"key":"S1047951125000162_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90579-4"},{"key":"S1047951125000162_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JND-150132"},{"key":"S1047951125000162_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23810"},{"key":"S1047951125000162_ref7","first-page":"926","article-title":"Survival in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: improvements in life expectancy since 1967 and the impact of home nocturnal ventilation","volume":"12","author":"Eagle","year":"2002","journal-title":"NMD"},{"key":"S1047951125000162_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/cli.11.113"},{"key":"S1047951125000162_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181ed61a3"},{"key":"S1047951125000162_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(96)90250-1"},{"key":"S1047951125000162_ref6","first-page":"470","article-title":"Managing Duchenne muscular dystrophy--the additive effect of spinal surgery and home nocturnal ventilation in improving survival","volume":"17","author":"Eagle","year":"2007","journal-title":"NMD"},{"key":"S1047951125000162_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2012.02428.x"},{"key":"S1047951125000162_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-017-1793-4"},{"key":"S1047951125000162_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.015151"},{"key":"S1047951125000162_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.22097"},{"key":"S1047951125000162_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001158"},{"key":"S1047951125000162_ref15","unstructured":"15. \u201cClinical Outcome Assessments.\u201d FDA. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/about-fda\/clinical-outcome-assessment-coa-frequently-asked-questions#COADefinition."},{"key":"S1047951125000162_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-017-0631-3"},{"key":"S1047951125000162_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2021.05.013"}],"container-title":["Cardiology in the Young"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1047951125000162","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T04:02:14Z","timestamp":1743566534000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1047951125000162\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1047951125000162"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1047951125000162","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-9511","1467-1107"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1047-9511","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-1107","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}