{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:33:21Z","timestamp":1792024401673,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Young"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1047951125000526_as1\"><jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D is crucial for normal organ function, vascular health and exercise performance, yet its deficiency is widespread. Patients with CHD often exhibit reduced exercise capacity. Limited research exists on vitamin D in CHD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951125000526_as2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigates serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in 55 adult CHD patients (median age 31 years) compared to 55 age- and gender-matched controls without cardiac disease and examines associations with exercise capacity, peripheral microvascular function, muscle strength and biventricular function in CHD. Therefore, patients underwent fingertip arterial tonometry, transthoracic echocardiography, muscle strength measurements and cardiopulmonary exercise testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951125000526_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results indicated that 93% of CHD patients and 91% of controls had 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels &lt;30 ng\/ml, with both groups showing varying values depending on the season in which the studies were conducted. No significant difference in 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels was found between patients and controls. While vitamin D levels in CHD patients did not significantly correlate with age, body mass index, blood pressure, peripheral microvascular function, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, cholesterol levels, N-terminal-pro hormone B-type natriuretic peptide, ventricular function or muscle strength, a significant correlation was found with percent-predicted peak oxygen consumption (<jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>=0.41, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.005 and\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>=0.34, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.02 for reference values following Wasserman and the LowLands registry, respectively), even after adjusting for season (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.03 and 0.05, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951125000526_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, vitamin D levels were similar between CHD patients and controls, but vitamin D insufficiency is common and linked to reduced exercise capacity in CHD. Further research is needed to determine whether vitamin D supplementation combined with exercise could be beneficial in CHD with vitamin D insufficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951125000526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T02:40:57Z","timestamp":1741660857000},"page":"748-755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Vitamin D levels correlate with exercise capacity in adults with CHD"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2646-0999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inne","family":"Vanreusel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Hens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emeline M.","family":"Van Craenenbroeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard P.","family":"Paelinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent F.M.","family":"Segers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Van Berendoncks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2010.09.015"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.301241"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2010.09.018"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr461"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2007.05.009"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11122369"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186483"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12848"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/011573403X278440240209064408"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-021-04596-6"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/jhpn.v29i2.7857"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12389"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12660"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1070808"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-017-0355-7"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-015-1270-x"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.529800"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22062896"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa554"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref23","volume-title":"Principles of Exercise Testing and Interpretation: Including Pathophysiology and Clinical Applications","author":"Wasserman","year":"2005"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/asjsm.34736"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0736"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref14","first-page":"602","article-title":"25-hydroxy vitamin D serum level in children with congenital heart disease","volume":"39","author":"Abdel Rahman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Benha Medical Journal"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref19","first-page":"8129","article-title":"25-hydroxy vitamin D serum levels in congenital heart disease (CHD) children compared to controls","volume":"6","author":"Noori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref39","first-page":"841","article-title":"Recognition and management of vitamin D deficiency","volume":"80","author":"Bordelon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref15","volume-title":"A Critical Evaluation of Vitamin D","author":"Nikolaos","year":"2017"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200900474"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738112461621"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-019-09778-1"},{"key":"S1047951125000526_ref25","unstructured":"25. 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