{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T21:00:39Z","timestamp":1776200439182,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743984000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Young"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although a direct link between cardiac lymphatics and congenital heart disease (CHD) has not been established, research indicates that abnormalities in the cardiac lymphatic system are involved in several congenital disorders that present with cardiac defects. However, this contribution remains poorly understood and is still an emerging area of study. One theory proposes that abnormal lymphatic development, which can present as cystic hygroma or increased nuchal translucency, may give rise to heart defects such as coarctation of the aorta, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, or bicuspid aortic valves. The genetic pathways for the development of the cardiac lymphatic system and the heart\u2019s major vessels may overlap; therefore, mutations in these genes could result in simultaneous defects in both systems. The close anatomical proximity between cardiac lymphatics and the great vessels of the heart suggests a \u201ccause and effect\u201d relationship, where an abnormality in one could affect the other and lead to congenital defects. Given that congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect in the United States, this systematic review, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, seeks to explore the potential link between cardiac lymphatics and CHD. Understanding this connection could have significant clinical implications by paving the way for new diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies for CHDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951125001404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T03:23:22Z","timestamp":1743996202000},"page":"931-937","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Investigating the possible connection between cystic hygroma, nuchal translucency, and the genetic link underlying cardiac lymphatic abnormalities and congenital heart disease: is there an association?"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2811-6657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marios","family":"Loukas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St George\u2019s University"},{"name":"Mayo Clinic"},{"name":"College of Medical Sciences"},{"name":"St George\u2019s University, School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ishank","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St George\u2019s University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brenna","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St George\u2019s University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shamfa","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St George\u2019s University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Levene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St George\u2019s University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Montalbano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St George\u2019s University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8040495"},{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90470-0"},{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81511-1"},{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOVA.0000000000000016"},{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1996.07040245.x"},{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2001.00342.x"},{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.905"},{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdg342"},{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.39.7.478"},{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1831"},{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.06.093"},{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.03.090"},{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.012"},{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000323484"},{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-9917"},{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI71614"},{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.6.1409"},{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(84)80331-7"},{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2016.32"},{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-822546-2.00009-5"},{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0960-7692.2001.00584.x"},{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2016.12.002"},{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2015.175"},{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1865"},{"key":"S1047951125001404_ref11","unstructured":"11. 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