{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T04:41:38Z","timestamp":1783744898607,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Young"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1047951125100760_as1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Children with heart conditions, particularly CHDs, may experience adverse neurodevelopmental and psychosocial outcomes. Our study aimed to: (1) compare national prevalence of mental, behavioural, and developmental disorders among children by heart condition status and (2) identify associated characteristics among children with heart conditions.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1047951125100760_as2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Nationally representative data from the National Survey of Children\u2019s Health (2016\u20132021) on U.S. children aged 6\u201317 years without Down syndrome were analysed. Caregivers reported whether a healthcare provider told them their child has ever had a heart condition or currently has depression, anxiety, ADHD, behavioural, or conduct problems, Tourette syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, intellectual disability, learning disability, or a speech or other language disorder. Logistic regression analysis compared disorder prevalence by heart condition status and, among children with heart conditions, assessed whether disorders were associated with demographic and contextual characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1047951125100760_as3\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Among 3,440 children with heart conditions, 42% had an examined disorder, compared to 23% of 133,280 children without heart conditions (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.7, 2.0). Each disorder was more prevalent among children with versus without heart conditions (adjusted prevalence ratio range: 1.9 to 5.1), with anxiety (22.1%), ADHD (20.4%), and learning disabilities (19.6%) most common. Among children with heart conditions, disorders were consistently associated with an increased number of adverse childhood experiences.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1047951125100760_as4\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>These findings support clinical guidelines recommending neurodevelopmental and mental health screening and interventions for children with heart conditions and can be used as a national baseline to gauge progress of guideline implementation.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951125100760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T10:44:13Z","timestamp":1755686653000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Mental, behavioural, and developmental disorders among U.S. Children with and without heart conditions, 2016\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1822-7153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda N.","family":"Dorsey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University"},{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3063-1781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karrie F.","family":"Downing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Danielson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijaya","family":"Kancherla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2243-8367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Oster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta"},{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherry L.","family":"Farr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1047951125100760_ref27","unstructured":"27. CDC. Data and statistics on children\u2019s mental health. Children\u2019s Mental Health, 2024, Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/children-mental-health\/data-research\/index.html. Accessed January 10, 2025."},{"key":"S1047951125100760_ref22","unstructured":"22. U.S. Census Bureau. National Survey of Children\u2019s Health Methodology Report.; 2017\u20132018. Available at: https:\/\/www.census.gov\/content\/dam\/Census\/programs-surveys\/nsch\/tech-documentation\/methodology\/2017-NSCH-Methodology-Report.pdf. Accessed January 4, 2023."},{"key":"S1047951125100760_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2020.04.013"},{"key":"S1047951125100760_ref1","unstructured":"1. Subramanyan, R , Kane, L. Pediatric and congenital heart disease. The society of thoracic surgeons. 2017. 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This is a work of the US Government and is not subject to copyright protection within the United States. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}