{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T01:40:02Z","timestamp":1756777202180,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Young"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1047951125101005_as1\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sepsis, a life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response to infections, poses a critical threat. Cardiac surgery itself induces a robust inflammatory response, further exacerbated by cardiopulmonary bypass, causing notable clinical and physiological changes. Identifying sepsis early in the post-operative period with elevated septic markers becomes challenging, with delayed antibiotic intervention ultimately posing a fatal risk for the patient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951125101005_as2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a prospective observational cross-sectional study aimed at identifying sepsis markers that include total leucocyte count, absolute neutrophil count, platelet count, serum albumin, chest X-ray, blood, urine, and tracheal cultures, procalcitonin, c-reactive protein, serum lactate &gt;2.5 mmol\/l along with clinical parameters (fever, hypotension, tachycardia) on post-operative days 1, 3, 5, and 10 in paediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery with prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time &gt;100 min.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951125101005_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Total leucocyte count, absolute neutrophil count, and platelet counts were not significant enough to detect early sepsis, especially in patients with prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time. Chest X-ray was significant from post-operative day 3 onwards. Procalcitonin was significant from day 5, and C-reactive protein was significant only from day 10. Among the clinical parameters, fever, hypotension, tachycardia, and elevated lactate levels were significant from post-operative day 1 in the patients developing sepsis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1047951125101005_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neonates and infants faced a higher sepsis risk than older children. Longer cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic clamp times correlated with increased sepsis likelihood. Clinical factors outweighed laboratory indicators for early sepsis detection post-cardiac surgery, prompting prompt investigation and intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951125101005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T08:42:51Z","timestamp":1753692171000},"page":"1357-1363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detecting early markers of sepsis in paediatric patient with prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Anand Kumar","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PGIMER"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9700-298X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nitish","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PGIMER"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0553-1279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javid","family":"Raja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PGIMER"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhupesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PGIMER"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reena","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PGIMER"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Apeksha","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PGIMER"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2246-6659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Irshad Mohamed","family":"Refai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PGIMER"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9897-4118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nishit","family":"Santoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PGIMER"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9635-0977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vidur","family":"Bansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PGIMER"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1047951125101005_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/615987"},{"key":"S1047951125101005_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2013.124"},{"key":"S1047951125101005_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/ject\/201749007"},{"key":"S1047951125101005_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00044067-199708000-00010"},{"key":"S1047951125101005_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X12666151119164647"},{"key":"S1047951125101005_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijso.2019.12.001"},{"key":"S1047951125101005_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2020.02.011"},{"key":"S1047951125101005_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03865-w"},{"key":"S1047951125101005_ref2","first-page":"162","article-title":"Understanding the inflammatory response to cardiac surgery","volume":"6","author":"McGuinness","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surg J R Coll Surg Edinb Irel"},{"key":"S1047951125101005_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-016-0215-8"},{"key":"S1047951125101005_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06506-y"},{"key":"S1047951125101005_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2007.04.042"},{"key":"S1047951125101005_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocs.15952"},{"key":"S1047951125101005_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2019.12.63"},{"key":"S1047951125101005_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002425"},{"key":"S1047951125101005_ref7","first-page":"501","article-title":"Procalcitonin, neopterin and C-reactive protein after pediatric cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass","volume":"108","author":"Skrak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bratisl Lek Listy"},{"key":"S1047951125101005_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(99)00599-8"},{"key":"S1047951125101005_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081866"},{"key":"S1047951125101005_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7334-7_5"}],"container-title":["Cardiology in the Young"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1047951125101005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T01:04:01Z","timestamp":1756775041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1047951125101005\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1047951125101005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1047951125101005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-9511","1467-1107"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1047-9511"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1467-1107"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}