{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:39:54Z","timestamp":1785425994106,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Young"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1047951125110342_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is limited knowledge on titration, optimal dosing, and efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in paediatric patients following cardiac surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1047951125110342_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients after cardiac surgery to repair ventricular septal defect or coarctation of the aorta from 01\/2017 to 12\/2019 were eligible for a retrospective single-centre study. Medical records were reviewed for patient characteristics and outcomes. Mean arterial pressure response and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor dosage were collected. Controls were patients not receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor postoperatively. Appropriate statistics were used for analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1047951125110342_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among a total of 286 patients [\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 188 (66%) ventricular septal defect;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 98 (34%) coarctation of the aorta], 170 (59%) received angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on any postoperative day 1 to 5. The median age was 4.9 months (IQR 1.2\u201314.4) and weight 5.5 kg (IQR 3.7\u20139.2). The most common angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor was captopril on day 1 [\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 117 (69%)] and lisinopril at discharge [\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 86 (51%)]. Patients in treatment group were shown to have higher median mean arterial pressure at baseline and at time 1, compared with controls (mean difference 3.57 (95% CI: 1.85, 5.35) and 3.46 (95% CI: 1.41, 5.50), respectively. Median mean arterial pressure among controls significantly increased over time with a slope of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.2, 1.74), while median mean arterial pressure among treatment group decreased with a slope of \u22120.31 (\u22120.93,0.31). Patients who received high and medium doses of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor showed significantly decreasing median mean arterial pressure over time with a slope of \u22122.85 (\u22125.14, \u22120.56) and \u22121.25 (\u22122.4, \u22120.11), respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1047951125110342_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High and medium dose angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy had a greater effect in decreasing mean arterial pressure when compared to low dose.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951125110342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T09:20:15Z","timestamp":1764926415000},"page":"2480-2485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The use and efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for treatment of hypertension in young children following paediatric cardiac surgery: a case control comparison"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6637-625X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua W.","family":"Branstetter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/002q1t780","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Presbyterian\/St. Luke\u2019s Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijin","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pranay","family":"Nayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Dryer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Fundora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohua","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hania","family":"Zaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/002q1t780","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asaad G.","family":"Beshish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1047951125110342_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-003-1121-5"},{"key":"S1047951125110342_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13581.x"},{"key":"S1047951125110342_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.75.6.1091"},{"key":"S1047951125110342_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e31820ac40a"},{"key":"S1047951125110342_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1904"},{"key":"S1047951125110342_ref2","first-page":"Ii149","article-title":"Early bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt in young infants. 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