{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:40:28Z","timestamp":1785422428656,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Young"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1047951126111779_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiopulmonary bypass-induced inflammation is associated with poor postoperative outcomes. Bypass exposure has been associated with shifts in lymphocyte populations. This study aimed to describe two cytokine profiles associated with T and NK cells and their effects on clinical markers of postoperative cardiovascular dysfunction in children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1047951126111779_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children from two major children\u2019s hospitals undergoing corrective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were included. Plasma was collected pre-, 0 to 4 hours post- and 24 hours (when available) postoperatively. Plasma concentrations of cytokines were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Delta cytokine concentrations were compared to vasoactive infusion score and percent fluid balance on postoperative day one. Vascular reactivity was assessed in a subset of the cohort. Confirmation of endothelial-specific effects of interferon-\u03b3 and interleukin-17A was performed in microvascular endothelial cells, assessing cytokine levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays or trans-endothelial electrical resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1047951126111779_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 26 children were included in the analysis. Interferon-\u03b3 was inversely associated with vasoactive infusion score (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05), whereas interleukin-17A and interleukin-23 were associated with greater cumulative postoperative fluid balance (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01 and 0.03, respectively). Peak vascular reactivity is strongly associated with interferon-\u03b3 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001), but not with circulating interleukin-17A. Human microvascular endothelial cell exposure to interferon-\u03b3 increased endothelial permeability and cytokine production.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1047951126111779_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interferon-\u03b3 and interleukin-17A may be associated with cardiovascular dysfunction in children after exposure to cardiopulmonary bypass, albeit with differential clinical features. Interferon-\u03b3 may directly impact vascular measures, while the impact of interleukin-17A may relate to fluid accumulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951126111779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T09:35:24Z","timestamp":1774604124000},"page":"494-501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interferon-\u03b3 and interleukin-17A associations with vascular dysfunction following paediatric cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9213-6487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew Aaron","family":"Solomon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dq2gs74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical 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