{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:04:43Z","timestamp":1790820283963,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Young"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1047951126113705_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infants with CHD experience feeding disruptions during a critical phase in oral feeding development. Dependency on high respiratory supports interfere with oral feeding opportunities. There is little evidence guiding oral feeding practices for infants requiring high flow nasal cannula and nasal continuous positive airway pressure. The aim of this study was to describe current US institutional feeding practices for infants with CHD on non-invasive ventilation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1047951126113705_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a cross-sectional survey of clinicians from primarily US institutions that were members of the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Collaborative.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1047951126113705_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 35 institutions contacted, 20 (57%) feeding specialists responded. Most institutions (80%) did not utilise formal guidelines for oral feeding introduction on nasal continuous positive airway pressure or high flow nasal cannula. Most institutions (80%) did not allow full oral feeds on nasal continuous positive airway pressure, but 70% centres allowed full oral nutrition on high flow nasal cannula and (85%) allowed small volume oral feeding with specifications for the level of oxygen support. While most respondents (65%) reported feeding assessment completion on all infants both pre and postoperatively, few (30%) institutions utilised a formal cue-based assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1047951126113705_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Responses indicate that institutions generally do not allow oral feeding on respiratory support above high flow nasal cannula. Most centres do not utilise formal respiratory\/cue based assessments to determine infant feeding readiness while on non-invasive ventilation. Future multidisciplinary research and quality improvement initiatives are needed to examine the effects of feeding infants with CHD while on non-invasive ventilation and to develop centre-specific guidelines to direct feeding progression, with potential to improve oral feeding outcomes while supporting multisystem stability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951126113705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T07:19:56Z","timestamp":1783927196000},"page":"1356-1360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Feeding on flow: a survey of feeding practices for infants with CHD who require non-invasive ventilation"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2151-0141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly","family":"Morris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00414dg76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Rady Children\u2019s Hospital San Diego"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9099-9935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hema","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rady Children\u2019s Health, Orange County"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karli","family":"Negrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred I DuPont Hospital for Children"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Slater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aparna","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rady Children\u2019s Hospital San Diego"},{"name":"UCSD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harjot","family":"Bassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rady Children\u2019s Hospital"},{"name":"UCSD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Burford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittney","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Health Dallas Campus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6559-0812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin M.","family":"Elgersma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-021-10391-4"},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2016-0194"},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref25","first-page":"1","article-title":"Promoting survival and primitive reflexes to prevent brain imbalance in premature infants: a scoping review of new insights by physiotherapists on developmental disorders","volume":"15","author":"Harjpal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref1","unstructured":"1. CDC. Data and statistics. Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs). https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/heart-defects\/data\/index.html. Published October 22, 2024. Accessed October 23, 2024."},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951120004382"},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951110001976"},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309683"},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-02531-4"},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-020-0632-2"},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0b013e31824b02ad"},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2022.04.044"},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/19382359-20180620-01"},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref13","unstructured":"13. Bassi, H , Morris, K , Rao, A , Rao, R , Nigro, J , Brigger, M. Suck, swallow, and breathe: Feeding patients with single ventricle physiology on non-invasive positive pressure ventilation. Poster presented at: 8th World Congress of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery; August 27-September 1, 2023; Washington, DC."},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951111000850"},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951122000427"},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2016-0131"},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2016.229"},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000529"},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.843023"},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2021_PERSP-21-00152"},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.01.009"},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001282"},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-015-9669-3"},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000024149"},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-019-10047-4"},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2022-006740"},{"key":"S1047951126113705_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2023_AJSLP-22-00259"}],"container-title":["Cardiology in the Young"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1047951126113705","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:46:00Z","timestamp":1790819160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1047951126113705\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1047951126113705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1047951126113705","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-9511","1467-1107"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1047-9511","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-1107","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}