{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T04:54:43Z","timestamp":1773291283366,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,28]],"date-time":"2012-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1340841600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3588,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prehosp. Disaster med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X00000339_sec01\" sec-type=\"intro\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>In the wake of domestic terrorists attacks on 11 September 2001 and subsequent bioterrorist events employing anthrax, there no longer can be any debate about the potential for attacks employing Nuclear, Biological, or Chemical (NBC)\/Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). As one way of acknowledging this long-standing threat and, in a concerted effort to mitigate the effects of possible future domestic NBC\/WMD terrorist attacks, the US Department of Defense (DOD) and other US governmental agencies already had mounted an effort to provide Domestic Preparedness Training for First Responders in urban centers throughout the USA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X00000339_sec02\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>A paper and pencil questionnaire specifically designed to evaluate the effectiveness of Domestic Preparedness Training for Emergency First Responders has been developed. An earlier version of this instrument was piloted with a convenience sample of firefighters and paramedics (n = 78) in a northwest state. Based on replies to the pilot questionnaire, a pool of 27 items based on the objectives and content of the NBC\/WMD Domestic Preparedness Awareness and Operations courses (plus additional background and appraised competency items) were selected for inclusion in a Domestic Preparedness Questionnaire (DPQ).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X00000339_sec03\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper first describes the essential psychometric properties of the DPQ based on replies from baseline and follow-up samples (n = 206 and n = 246 respectively) of urban firefighters and paramedics employed by a metropolitan city in a northwest state. The DPQ was employed to evaluate the outcomes of Domestic Preparedness training provided to a sample of urban fire-service personnel. The DPQ documented significant improvements in a group of \u201cDP trained\u201d-urban firefighters (n = 80) both in their awareness and operations content knowledge as well as in their perceived competencies to respond to acts of biological, chemical, or nuclear terrorism \u201cin their own community\u201d at four months post-training. A comparison group of \u201cNot DP-trained\u201d firefighters (n = 78) showed no statistically significant changes on these DPQ indices, suggesting that the documented improvements in the \u201cDP-trained\u201d firefighters on the DPQ were not due to \u201ctest reactivity\u201d or to \u201chistorical\u201d factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X00000339_sec04\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings suggest that the DPQ has adequate inter-item and test-retest reliability, possesses concurrent validity, and appears to be a sensitive measure of the Domestic Preparedness Training provided for urban firefighter and paramedic First Responders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1049023x00000339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]],"date-time":"2016-08-24T07:45:30Z","timestamp":1472024730000},"page":"119-125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Instrument Development and Evaluation of Domestic Preparedness Training for First Responders"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Randal D.","family":"Beaton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. Clark","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1049023X00000339_ref022","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences.","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"S1049023X00000339_ref019","volume-title":"Essentials of Psychological Testing.","author":"Cronbach","year":"1970"},{"key":"S1049023X00000339_ref003","first-page":"1855","article-title":"RAID teams respond to terrorism threat","volume":"279","author":"Gunby","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"S1049023X00000339_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310555"},{"key":"S1049023X00000339_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019394599701900303"},{"key":"S1049023X00000339_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009589812697"},{"key":"S1049023X00000339_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1998.tb02471.x"},{"key":"S1049023X00000339_ref001","unstructured":"1. 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Associated Press 18 March 1998."},{"key":"S1049023X00000339_ref012","volume-title":"Department of Domestic Preparedness Senior Officials\u2019 Workshop Participant Manual Defense Against Weapons of Mass Destruction.","year":"1999"},{"key":"S1049023X00000339_ref002","volume-title":"American Red Cross Emergency Response.","year":"1997"},{"key":"S1049023X00000339_ref011","volume-title":"Domestic Preparedness Responder Awareness Course Manual.","year":"1999"},{"key":"S1049023X00000339_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199810)34:4<331::AID-AJIM6>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"S1049023X00000339_ref024","unstructured":"24. US Congress: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997. Pub. L No. 104\u2013201, Title XIV, Defense Against Weapons of Mass Destruction, Subtitle A, Domestic Preparedness \u00a7 1412 \u2013 \u00a7 1415 (September 1996)."},{"key":"S1049023X00000339_ref025","unstructured":"25. Farlow JP : US Army SBCCOM Domestic Preparedness Office Personal Communication, June, 2000."},{"key":"S1049023X00000339_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550050022007"},{"key":"S1049023X00000339_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024776509667"},{"key":"S1049023X00000339_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01857685"},{"key":"S1049023X00000339_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-198909000-00006"},{"key":"S1049023X00000339_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024461920456"},{"key":"S1049023X00000339_ref005","volume-title":"Senior Officials' Workshop Participant Manual.","year":"1999"},{"key":"S1049023X00000339_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2001.118009"},{"key":"S1049023X00000339_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1177\/216507990104901105","article-title":"Bioterrorism: Implications for the occupational and environmental health nurse","volume":"49","author":"Gwerder","year":"2001","journal-title":"AAOHN Journal"}],"container-title":["Prehospital and Disaster Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1049023X00000339","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T00:42:57Z","timestamp":1557189777000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1049023X00000339\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1049023X00000339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1049023x00000339","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-023X","1945-1938"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1049-023X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-1938","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]}}}