{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:33:02Z","timestamp":1793320382146,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,28]],"date-time":"2012-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1340841600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1609,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prehosp. Disaster med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X00005495_sec01\" sec-type=\"intro\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>Trauma is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. A quarter of all fatalities due to injury occur due to road traffic crashes with 90% of the fatalities occurring in low- and medium-income countries. Poor compliance with the use of seat belts is a problem in many developing countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of seatbelt compliance in motor vehicles in Benin City, Nigeria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X00005495_sec02\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>A five-day, observational study was conducted in strategic locations in Benin City. The compliance rates of drivers, front seat passengers, and rear seat passengers in the various categories of vehicles were evaluated, and the data were subjected to statistical processing using the Program for Epidemiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X00005495_sec03\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 369 vehicles were observed. This consisted of 172 private cars, 64 taxis, 114 buses, 15 trucks, and four other vehicles. The seat belt compliance rate for drivers was 52.3%, front seat passengers 18.4%, and rear seat passengers 6.1%. Drivers of all categories of vehicles were more likely to use the seat belt compared to front seat passengers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.000) and rear seat passengers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.000). Drivers of private cars were more likely to use seat belts compared to taxi drivers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.000) and bus drivers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.000). Front seat passengers in private cars were more likely to use the seat belt compared to front seat passengers in taxis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.000) and buses (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.000). Rear seat pas-sengers in private cars also were more likely to use seat belts compared to rear seat passengers in taxis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.000) and buses (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.000).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X00005495_sec04\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>Compliance with seat belt use in Benin City is low. Legislation, educational campaigns, and enforcement of seat belt use are needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1049023x00005495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]],"date-time":"2016-08-24T07:51:00Z","timestamp":1472025060000},"page":"16-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Compliance with Seat Belt Use in Benin City, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Pius Ehiawaguan","family":"Iribhogbe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clement Odigie","family":"Osime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1049023X00005495_ref005","volume-title":"The Global Burden of Disease Volume 1; A Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality and Disability from Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors in 1990 and Projected to 2020","author":"Murray","year":"1996"},{"key":"S1049023X00005495_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.3.1.17"},{"key":"S1049023X00005495_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(05)70213-1"},{"key":"S1049023X00005495_ref018","first-page":"51","article-title":"Seat belt usage among teenagers in two Israeli fam- ily practices","volume":"14","author":"Knishkowy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Ad Med"},{"key":"S1049023X00005495_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17457300500248444"},{"key":"S1049023X00005495_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1344-6223(00)80019-X"},{"key":"S1049023X00005495_ref007","first-page":"65","article-title":"Side impact crashes\u2014Factors affecting incidence and severi-ty: Review of the literature","volume":"5","author":"Chipman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Traff Inj Prev"},{"key":"S1049023X00005495_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1197\/aemj.9.12.1411"},{"key":"S1049023X00005495_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13307.x"},{"key":"S1049023X00005495_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-200008000-00005"},{"key":"S1049023X00005495_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2003.08.005"},{"key":"S1049023X00005495_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.03.001"},{"key":"S1049023X00005495_ref010","first-page":"23","article-title":"Mortality from motor vehicle crash injuries in east-ern Taiwan\u2014A five year follow up study","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tzu Chi Med J"},{"key":"S1049023X00005495_ref016","first-page":"486","article-title":"Risk taking behaviour of Cape Penisula high school students. 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