{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T12:26:42Z","timestamp":1785328002177,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,28]],"date-time":"2012-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1340841600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1366,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prehosp. Disaster med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X00006208_sec01\" sec-type=\"intro\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>The immediate impact of exposure to severe wounds, dead bodies, and immediate threat to life has been understudied. Most studies focus on the acute stress disorder and\/or post-traumatic stress disorder phases in order to assess rescue personnel's symptomatology, and tend to neglect the immediate exposure to elements of the disaster.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X00006208_sec02\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Hypothesis:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>Rescue personnel who had a history of previous exposure to dead bodies would exhibit higher levels of acute stress symptoms, dissociation, and depressive symptoms within the 24 hours following a traumatic event.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X00006208_sec03\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty-three rescue personnel participated in the search and excavation of dead and mutilated bodies following the Bet-Yehoshua train crash in Israel.The rescue personnel group was divided based on previous exposure to dead bodies. Each participant completed a demographic questionnaire, which included a question on perceived threat to life, the impact of event scale revised, the dissociative experience scale, and the center of epidemiologic studies depression questionnaire. Student's<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-tests, along with multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) were conducted in order to learn which factors are related to psychiatric symptomatology following the immediate exposure to such stressors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X00006208_sec04\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>Among rescue personnel, those with previous exposure to dead bodies did not differ in their levels of acute stress symptoms, dissociation, and depressive symptoms from those who were not previously exposed to dead bodies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X00006208_sec05\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>These results may suggest the possibility that the impact of exposure to dead bodies does not emerge in the acute stress reactions (ASR) phase (up to 24 hours after the event), but later when people have time to process the trauma. Another possibility is that the rescue coping mechanisms of detachment may serve as a buffer for the horrific sights encountered during the ASR period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1049023x00006208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]],"date-time":"2016-08-24T07:51:24Z","timestamp":1472025084000},"page":"461-465","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Acute Stress Symptoms, Dissociation, and Depression Among Rescue Personnel 24 Hours after the Bet-Yehoshua Train Crash: The Effects of Exposure to Dead Bodies"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Menachem","family":"Ben-Ezra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuval","family":"Palgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nir","family":"Essar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilik","family":"Sofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeela","family":"Haber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1049023X00006208_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"S1049023X00006208_ref019","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Risk Factors for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder","author":"Harvey","year":"1999"},{"key":"S1049023X00006208_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.3.367","article-title":"Acute stress response and posttraumatic stress disorder in traffic accident victims: A one-year prospective, follow-up study","volume":"156","author":"Koren","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1049023X00006208_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.12.1727"},{"key":"S1049023X00006208_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.2.290"},{"key":"S1049023X00006208_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.11.1675","article-title":"Effects of previous trauma on acute plasma cortisol level following rape","volume":"152","author":"Resnick","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1049023X00006208_ref017","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: DSM-IV and Beyond","author":"March","year":"1993"},{"key":"S1049023X00006208_ref015","unstructured":"15. Palgi Y , Ben-Ezra M , Essar N : The effect of prolong exposure to war stress on the comorbidity of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression among hospital personnel. Psy Res; In press."},{"key":"S1049023X00006208_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.5.857"},{"key":"S1049023X00006208_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13639519810206664"},{"key":"S1049023X00006208_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.1065"},{"key":"S1049023X00006208_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199006000-00010"},{"key":"S1049023X00006208_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.8.1370"},{"key":"S1049023X00006208_ref008","first-page":"168","volume-title":"Assessing Psychological Trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder","author":"Weiss","year":"1997"},{"key":"S1049023X00006208_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.5.748"},{"key":"S1049023X00006208_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-197905000-00004"},{"key":"S1049023X00006208_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.1.52"},{"key":"S1049023X00006208_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.6.902"},{"key":"S1049023X00006208_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2007.03.001"},{"key":"S1049023X00006208_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2003.07.010"},{"key":"S1049023X00006208_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480252803855"},{"key":"S1049023X00006208_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.178.3.242"},{"key":"S1049023X00006208_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198612000-00004"}],"container-title":["Prehospital and Disaster Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1049023X00006208","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T20:39:00Z","timestamp":1692477540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1049023X00006208\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1049023X00006208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1049023x00006208","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-023X","1945-1938"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1049-023X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-1938","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}}}