{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T11:17:18Z","timestamp":1782386238373,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,28]],"date-time":"2012-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1340841600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1001,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prehosp. Disaster med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X0000724X_sec01\" sec-type=\"intro\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of research that has explored workplace violence has focused on establishing the prevalence of violence in different settings. In general, there is a paucity of research that explores factors that may predict or increase the risk of experiencing violence in the workplace.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X0000724X_sec02\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this research was to determine predictors of violence for paramedics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X0000724X_sec03\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>A questionnaire was developed that focused on paramedics' experi-ences with six forms of violence: verbal abuse, property damage\/theft, intimi-dation, physical abuse, sexual harassment, and sexual assault.The questionnaire was distributed randomly to paramedics throughout rural Victoria and metropolitan South Australia, and completed and returned anonymously.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X0000724X_sec04\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>Predictors emerged for verbal abuse, intimidation, sexual harassment, and sexual abuse. Specifically, gender was the only predictor of intimidation, sexual harassment, and sexual assault. Paramedic qualifications, how they responded to a call-out, and hours per week in direct patient contact emerged as a predictor of verbal abuse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X0000724X_sec05\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>Certain factors predict or predispose paramedics to workplace violence. The need for workplace violence education and training is impera-tive for the prevention of violence, as well as for its management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1049023x0000724x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]],"date-time":"2015-04-07T10:13:22Z","timestamp":1428401602000},"page":"417-421","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Factors Associated with Workplace Violence in Paramedics"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Stella","family":"Koritsas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malcolm","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Coles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1049023X0000724X_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2850.1998.00113.x"},{"key":"S1049023X0000724X_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sw\/48.4.532"},{"key":"S1049023X0000724X_ref011","volume-title":"Violence against Social Workers","author":"Norris","year":"1990"},{"key":"S1049023X0000724X_ref020","volume-title":"Guidance on the Prevention of Violence at Work","author":"Wynne","year":"1997"},{"key":"S1049023X0000724X_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1606\/1044-3894.958"},{"key":"S1049023X0000724X_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10903120290938526"},{"key":"S1049023X0000724X_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(00)00146-5"},{"key":"S1049023X0000724X_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10903129808958856"},{"key":"S1049023X0000724X_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02678379608256791"},{"key":"S1049023X0000724X_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10903120290938012"},{"key":"S1049023X0000724X_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10566-008-9051-9"},{"key":"S1049023X0000724X_ref024","volume-title":"Prevention of Occupational Violence in the Health Workplace","author":"Mayhew","year":"2001"},{"key":"S1049023X0000724X_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1468017305051240"},{"key":"S1049023X0000724X_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-18181-0"},{"key":"S1049023X0000724X_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/aaen.2002.0361"},{"key":"S1049023X0000724X_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-1767(98)90104-0"},{"key":"S1049023X0000724X_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/096016407782604848"},{"key":"S1049023X0000724X_ref021","volume-title":"Follow-Up Study of Health and Stress in Ambulance Services of Victoria, Australia 2002. 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