{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T14:57:14Z","timestamp":1791471434060,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,28]],"date-time":"2012-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1340841600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7059,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prehosp. Disaster med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X00040000_sec01\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterize the prevalence and morbidity of injuries to emergency medical technicians EMTs) in New England [United States].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X00040000_sec02\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>A survey was mailed to a 2% random sample of all registered EMTs in the six New England States. The identity of the EMTs remained anonymous, and a second mailing was used to improve return rate. The EMTs were requested to recall events that occurred during the previous six months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X00040000_sec03\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 439 of the 786 (56%) surveys were returned representing 13,875 hours of duty time in the six-month period. Seventy one percent of the EMTs were male with a mean age of 35 years. Sixty-six percent were basic-EMTs. Injury attack rates (number of injuries\/100 EMTs\/6 months) were: stress, 11.2; back, 10.5; extremity, 9.8; assault, 8.4; ambulance collision, 4.1; hearing loss, 2.5; and eye injury, 1.4. Twelve percent of the EMTs were injured more than once in the six-month period. The paramedics more frequently were involved in ambulance collisions, suffered from stress, and were less likely to injure their back. There were minor interstate differences. Disability due to back injury affected 2.5% of those surveyed, four EMTs lost duty time secondary to an assault, and 0.5% of the EMTs were out of work due to stress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X00040000_sec04\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>This survey begins to characterize the occupational risks of EMTs. The prevalence of back injuries, assault, stress, and extremity injuries seems to be too high. Educational programs and preventive interventions should be designed to minimize back injuries, stress, and assault. There is a need for more research nationwide in order to better characterize these injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1049023x00040000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,17]],"date-time":"2016-07-17T22:52:10Z","timestamp":1468795930000},"page":"45-50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["The Prevalence of Occupational Injuries in EMTs in New England"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lionel","family":"Benson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenworth M.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1049023X00040000_ref005","volume-title":"What is an EMI?","year":"1990"},{"key":"S1049023X00040000_ref013","unstructured":"13. Elling R , Guerin R : Ambulance Accident Prevention Seminar Student Workbook. December, 1988. NYC EMS Program Publication."},{"key":"S1049023X00040000_ref001","first-page":"29","article-title":"Occupational injuries in the emergency medical technician","volume":"5","author":"Schwartz","year":"1990","journal-title":"Emerg Care Q"},{"key":"S1049023X00040000_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(87)80070-7"},{"key":"S1049023X00040000_ref011","unstructured":"11. Saunders CE : A Study of Ambulance Collisions in an Urban Environment. Presented at 1992 Annual Meeting of Society for Academic Emergency Medicine: May, 1992."},{"key":"S1049023X00040000_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/34.3.96"},{"key":"S1049023X00040000_ref008","first-page":"23","article-title":"Pretraining is essential tool for fall and back injuries","volume":"57","author":"Button","year":"1988","journal-title":"Occup Health Safety"},{"key":"S1049023X00040000_ref012","first-page":"60","article-title":"Dispelling myths on ambulance accidents","volume":"2","author":"Elling","year":"1980","journal-title":"JEMS"},{"key":"S1049023X00040000_ref006","volume-title":"Managing Low Back Pain","author":"Anderson","year":"1988"},{"key":"S1049023X00040000_ref007","first-page":"11","article-title":"My first million","volume":"16","author":"Greco","year":"1991","journal-title":"JEMS"},{"key":"S1049023X00040000_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-6757(90)90081-A"},{"key":"S1049023X00040000_ref009","first-page":"20","article-title":"Look out behind you!","volume":"2","author":"Dick","year":"1980","journal-title":"JEMS"},{"key":"S1049023X00040000_ref010","volume-title":"Work Practice Guide for Manual Lifting","year":"1981"}],"container-title":["Prehospital and Disaster Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1049023X00040000","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T19:42:46Z","timestamp":1557949366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1049023X00040000\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1049023X00040000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1049023x00040000","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-023X","1945-1938"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1049-023X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-1938","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]}}}