{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T09:15:09Z","timestamp":1788945309397,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658361600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prehosp. Disaster med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sierra Leone is a country highly prone to disasters, still recovering from the catastrophic 2014 Ebola epidemic. In 2018, the country launched its first National Emergency Medical Service (NEMS) aiming to strengthen the provision of essential health services to the population with the long-term goal of creating a resilient health system able to effectively respond to and recover from emergencies. The Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid, and Global Health (CRIMEDIM), together with the Italian NGO Doctors with Africa (CUAMM), under the direct supervision of the Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MoHS), developed a prehospital Disaster Training Package (DTP) to be delivered to all NEMS personnel to boost the prehospital management of mass-casualty incidents (MCIs) and outbreaks. The DTP included a first phase in which NEMS local trainers underwent a training-of-trainers (ToT) course, enabling them to deliver cascade trainings to 16 district ambulance supervisors, 441 paramedics, 441 ambulance drivers, and 36 operators working in the NEMS operation center. This on-going training package represents the first Disaster Medicine training course for prehospital health professionals in Sierra Leone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1049023x22001029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T09:21:53Z","timestamp":1658395313000},"page":"701-705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Response to Mass-Casualty Incidents and Outbreaks: A Prehospital Disaster Training Package Developed for the National Emergency Medical Service in Sierra Leone"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4164-4756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Caviglia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Alberto","family":"da Silva-Moniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Venturini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amara","family":"Jambai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew Jusu","family":"Vandy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Rahman","family":"Wurie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moi T.","family":"Sartie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Putoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Ragazzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1049023X22001029_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01421590701583816"},{"key":"S1049023X22001029_ref2","unstructured":"2. United Nations International Children\u2019s Emergency Fund. UNICEF\u2019s emergency preparedness and response in Sierra Leone. https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/sierraleone\/emergencies. Accessed April 2022."},{"key":"S1049023X22001029_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X20001442"},{"key":"S1049023X22001029_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15547\/tjs.2015.s.02.039"},{"key":"S1049023X22001029_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00138870"},{"key":"S1049023X22001029_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2014.00049"},{"key":"S1049023X22001029_ref3","unstructured":"3. Government of Sierra Leone. National Ebola recovery strategy for Sierra Leone 2015-2017. https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/sierra_leone_ebola_strategy_030715.pdf. Accessed April 2022."},{"key":"S1049023X22001029_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2020-137906"},{"key":"S1049023X22001029_ref7","unstructured":"7. World Bank Group. Disaster Risk Management Diagnostic Note. Sierra Leone. https:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/728231623317357684\/pdf\/Sierra-Leone-Disaster-Risk-Management-Diagnostic-Note.pdf. Accessed April 2022."},{"key":"S1049023X22001029_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189546"},{"key":"S1049023X22001029_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/222020.222126"},{"key":"S1049023X22001029_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-006-9049-8"},{"key":"S1049023X22001029_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2014.02.003"},{"key":"S1049023X22001029_ref9","unstructured":"9. World Health Organization. WHO launches first Mass Casualty Management (MCM) training in Addis Ababa. https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/news\/who-launches-first-mass-casualty-management-mcm-training-addis-ababa. Accessed April 2022."},{"key":"S1049023X22001029_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X20001211"},{"key":"S1049023X22001029_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5688\/aj700370"},{"key":"S1049023X22001029_ref13","volume-title":"START: Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment Plan","author":"Super","year":"1994"},{"key":"S1049023X22001029_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.05.001"},{"key":"S1049023X22001029_ref8","volume-title":"Curriculum Development for Medical Education: A Six-Step Approach","author":"Kern","year":"2009"},{"key":"S1049023X22001029_ref1","unstructured":"1. Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. Disasters in Africa: 20 Year Review (2000-2019). Cred Crunch Newsletter, Issue No. 56. https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/world\/cred-crunch-newsletter-issue-no-56-november-2019-disasters-africa-20-year-review-2000. Accessed April 2022."},{"key":"S1049023X22001029_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0000000000000668"},{"key":"S1049023X22001029_ref11","volume-title":"Mass Casualty Management System. Course Manual","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Prehospital and Disaster Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1049023X22001029","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T12:13:18Z","timestamp":1663071198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1049023X22001029\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1049023X22001029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1049023x22001029","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-023X","1945-1938"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1049-023X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-1938","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}