{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T08:17:33Z","timestamp":1790410653399,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678665600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prehosp. Disaster med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X23000298_as1\"><jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Proximal femoral fractures are characterized as one of the most common and most painful injuries sustained by patients of all ages and are associated with high rates of oligoanalgesia in the prehospital setting. Current treatments include oral and parenteral opiates and sedative agents, however regional anesthesia techniques for pain relief may provide superior analgesia with lower risk of side effects during patient transportation. The fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) is an inexpensive treatment which is performed with minimal additional equipment, ultimately making it suitable in prehospital settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X23000298_as2\"><jats:title>Problem:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In adult patients sustaining proximal femoral fractures in the prehospital setting, what is the effect of the FICB on non-verbal pain scores (NVPS), patient satisfaction, success rate, and adverse events compared to traditional analgesic techniques?<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X23000298_as3\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A librarian-assisted literature search was conducted of the Cochrane Database, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Ovid EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science indexes. Additionally, reference lists for potential review articles from the <jats:italic>British Journal of Anesthesia<\/jats:italic>, the <jats:italic>College of Anesthetists of Ireland<\/jats:italic>, the <jats:italic>Journal of Prehospital Emergency Care<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Annales Francaises d\u2019Anesthesie et R\u00e9animation<\/jats:italic>, and the <jats:italic>Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation, and Emergency Medicine<\/jats:italic> were reviewed. Databases and journals were searched during the period from January 1, 1980 through July 1, 2022. Each study was scrutinized for quality and validity and was assigned a level of evidence as per Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine guidelines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X23000298_as4\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five studies involving 340 patients were included (ie, two randomized control trials [RCTs], two observational studies, and one prospective observational study). Pain scores decreased after prehospital FICB across all included studies by a mean of 6.65 points (5.25 - 7.5) on the NVPS. Out of the total 257 FICBs conducted, there was a success rate of 230 (89.3%). Of these, only two serious adverse events were recorded, both of which related to local analgesia toxicity. Neither resulted in long-term sequelae and only one required treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1049023X23000298_as5\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Use of FICBs results in a significant decrease in NVPS in the prehospital setting, and they are ultimately suitable as regional analgesic techniques for proximal femur fractures. It carries a low risk of adverse events and may be performed by health care practitioners of various backgrounds with suitable training. The results suggest that FICBs are more effective for pain management than parenteral or oral opiates and sedative agents alone and can be used as an appropriate adjunct to pain management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1049023x23000298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T09:39:28Z","timestamp":1678700368000},"page":"252-258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Efficacy of Fascia Iliaca Compartment Blocks in Proximal Femoral Fractures in the Prehospital Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2812-8941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Slade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josh","family":"Pohlkamp-Hartt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Savage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Ohle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1049023X23000298_ref16","unstructured":"16. Cochrane Consumers and Communication La Trobe University; Ryan R, Synnot A, Prictor M, Hill S. Data extraction template. https:\/\/opal.latrobe.edu.au\/articles\/journal_contribution\/Data_extraction_template\/6818852. Accessed May 30, 2021."},{"key":"S1049023X23000298_ref17","unstructured":"17. OCEBM Levels of Evidence. https:\/\/www.cebm.ox.ac.uk\/resources\/levels-of-evidence\/ocebm-levels-of-evidence. Published June 2, 2020. Accessed May 30, 2021."},{"key":"S1049023X23000298_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919"},{"key":"S1049023X23000298_ref18","unstructured":"18. RoB 2: A revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. https:\/\/methods.cochrane.org\/bias\/resources\/rob-2-revised-cochrane-risk-bias-tool-randomized-trials. 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Chapter 14: Completing \u201cSummary of findings\u201d tables and grading the certainty of the evidence. https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook\/current\/chapter-14. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}