{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T08:45:27Z","timestamp":1778575527896,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":111,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prehosp. Disaster med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>Over 2.7 million people have an opioid use disorder (OUD). Opioid-related deaths have steadily increased over the last decade. Although emergency department (ED)-based medication for OUD (MOUD) has been successful in initiating treatment for patients, there still is a need for improved access. This study describes the development of a prehospital MOUD program.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods:<\/jats:title>An interdisciplinary team expanded a MOUD program into the prehospital setting through the local city fire department Quick Response Team (QRT) to identify patients appropriate for MOUD treatment. The QRT consisted of a paramedic, social worker, and police officer. This team visited eligible patients (i.e., history of an opioid overdose and received prehospital care the previous week). The implementation team developed a prehospital MOUD protocol and a two-hour training course for QRT personnel. Implementation also required a signed contract between local hospitals and the fire department. A drug license was necessary for the QRT vehicle to carry buprenorphine\/naloxone, and a process to restock the vehicle was created. Pamphlets were created to provide to patients. A clinical algorithm was created for substance use disorder (SUD) care coordinators to provide a transition of care for patients. Metrics to evaluate the program included the number of patients seen, the number enrolled in an MOUD program, and the number of naloxone kits dispensed. Data were entered into iPads designated for the QRT and uploaded into the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) program.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results:<\/jats:title>Over the six-month pilot, the QRT made 348 visits. Of these, the QRT successfully contacted 83 individuals, and no individuals elected to be evaluated for new MOUD treatment. Nine fatal opioid overdoses occurred during the study period. A total of 55 naloxone kits were distributed, and all patients received MOUD information pamphlets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>A prehospital MOUD program can be established to expand access to early treatment and continuity of care for patients with OUD. The program was well-received by the local city fire department and QRT. There is a plan to expand the prehospital MOUD program to other local fire departments with QRTs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1049023x24000475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T08:00:37Z","timestamp":1737360037000},"page":"364-367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Starting a Prehospital Medication for Opioid Use Disorder Program"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8061-6478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David C.","family":"Seaberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"McKinnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lyn","family":"Haselton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doug","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Kolb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suman","family":"Vellanki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Raubenolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Jouriles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1049023X24000475_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.3474"},{"key":"S1049023X24000475_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2019.11.022"},{"key":"S1049023X24000475_ref1","unstructured":"1. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Overview. https:\/\/nida.nih.gov\/publications\/research-reports\/medications-to-treat-opioid-addiction\/overview. Accessed November 24, 2023."},{"key":"S1049023X24000475_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10903127.2022.2061661"},{"key":"S1049023X24000475_ref9","first-page":"144","article-title":"Buprenorphine in the prehospital setting: a review of 3 years of medication-assisted therapy induction by EMS","volume":"26","author":"Martin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care."},{"key":"S1049023X24000475_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10903127.2020.1747579"},{"key":"S1049023X24000475_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13921"},{"key":"S1049023X24000475_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108382"},{"key":"S1049023X24000475_ref3","unstructured":"3. Blue Cross Blue Shield. The Opioid Epidemic in America: An Update. https:\/\/www.bcbs.com\/the-health-of-america\/reports\/the-opioid-epidemic-america-update. Accessed November 24, 2023."}],"container-title":["Prehospital and Disaster Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1049023X24000475","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T09:52:50Z","timestamp":1738835570000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1049023X24000475\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1049023X24000475"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1049023x24000475","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-023X","1945-1938"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1049-023X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-1938","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}