{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:15:16Z","timestamp":1790399716075,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":34,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prehosp. Disaster med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1049023X25101490_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and unstable angina patients, prehospital aspirin (ASA) administration has been the standard of care by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) field providers. Recently, Emergency Medical Dispatchers (EMDs), using Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS), provide telephone instructions to qualifying suspected AMI patients to take ASA, prior to EMS field provider arrival. No formal studies exist that measure time saved from earlier Dispatcher-Directed Aspirin Administration (DDAA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1049023X25101490_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary objectives of the study were: (1) to determine the amount of time saved, if any, using DDAA; and (2) to describe the frequency of DDAA and Field Provider-Directed Aspirin Administration (FPAA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1049023X25101490_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The retrospective study analyzed EMD and EMS data collected during a six-month period at three dispatch services and three EMS agencies in the United States. The frequency and mean (plus 95% confidence interval [CI]) time of DDAA and FPAA were calculated. Reasons why patients who qualified to take ASA per dispatch protocol but did not take it were also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1049023X25101490_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 108,459 EMS cases were analyzed; EMD\/EMS delivered ASA to 4.0% (n = 4,113) of these patients. The most frequent primary impressions were: cardiac chest pain (angina), cardiovascular (CV)-chest pain (presumed cardiac), ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and CV-chest pain \u2013 acute coronary syndrome (ACS; 50.0%). Overall, DDAA saved 13 minutes mean time (95% CI, 11.4-14.6; P &lt; .001) (median: 12.3 minutes) from the case creation time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1049023X25101490_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It was found that DDAA provides measurable time savings in ASA delivery to patients. Further studies will need to assess if the reduction of ASA delivery time by EMDs has the potential to improve overall care and survival for patients. The study identified beneficial new knowledge for possible future enhancements to medical dispatch protocols and for EMS providers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1049023x25101490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T06:46:28Z","timestamp":1762238788000},"page":"251-258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prehospital Aspirin Delivery: Emergency Medical Dispatcher-Directed versus Emergency Medical Services Field Provider-Directed Aspirin Administration"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Greg","family":"Scott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03acrxj66","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"International Academies of Emergency Dispatch"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2250-5096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Olola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03acrxj66","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"International Academies of Emergency Dispatch"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Althoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Memorial Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean M.","family":"Early","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell Health Center for Emergency Medical Services"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Whitney","family":"Burr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedStar Mobile Healthcare"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindy","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedStar Mobile Healthcare"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikki","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Memorial Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Miko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03acrxj66","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"International Academies of Emergency Dispatch"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Clawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03acrxj66","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"International Academies of Emergency Dispatch"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1049023X25101490_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10903127.2017.1302530"},{"key":"S1049023X25101490_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199907223410402"},{"key":"S1049023X25101490_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00063110-200203000-00007"},{"key":"S1049023X25101490_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2003.11.028"},{"key":"S1049023X25101490_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.83.4.388"},{"key":"S1049023X25101490_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000066324"},{"key":"S1049023X25101490_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198308183090703"},{"key":"S1049023X25101490_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2012-201339"},{"key":"S1049023X25101490_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.032778"},{"key":"S1049023X25101490_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)90833-M"},{"key":"S1049023X25101490_ref13","first-page":"120","article-title":"Chest pain\u2014not always the heart! 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Accessed November 3, 2023."},{"key":"S1049023X25101490_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1996.00440130030004"},{"key":"S1049023X25101490_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(01)02256-1"},{"key":"S1049023X25101490_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10903120590962030"}],"container-title":["Prehospital and Disaster Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1049023X25101490","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T13:02:30Z","timestamp":1763557350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1049023X25101490\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1049023X25101490"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1049023x25101490","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-023X","1945-1938"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1049-023X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-1938","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}