{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T06:02:41Z","timestamp":1785477761851,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":211,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prehosp. Disaster med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1049023X26109005_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hemorrhagic shock represents a major cause of preventable mortality following trauma. Identifying shock early on the scene is critical for survival, particularly within resource-limited settings like Thailand, where prehospital blood products are unavailable. Although several scoring tools exist, uncertainty remains regarding which tool offers the optimal diagnostic accuracy for predicting massive transfusion (MT) and early death in this specific setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1049023X26109005_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Study Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research aimed to compare the predictive performance of five prehospital scoring tools \u2013 Shock Index (SI), Reverse Shock Index multiplied by Glasgow Coma Scale (rSIG), National Early Warning Score (NEWS), Assessment of Blood Consumption (ABC), and Revised Assessment of Bleeding and Transfusion (RABT) \u2013 for predicting MT and 24-hour mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1049023X26109005_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective prognostic accuracy study included adult trauma patients transported by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) to a university-affiliated Level 1 Trauma Center in Bangkok from January 2019 through December 2024. The primary endpoint was MT; the secondary endpoint was 24-hour mortality. Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUROCs) assessed discrimination and the DeLong test compared performance among scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1049023X26109005_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 584 eligible patients were included, of whom 63 (10.8%) required MT. The NEWS demonstrated the highest discriminatory power for MT (AUROC 0.84; 95% CI, 0.79\u20130.90), followed by rSIG (AUROC 0.83; 95% CI, 0.76\u20130.90) and SI (AUROC 0.78; 95% CI, 0.72\u20130.86). In contrast, trauma-specific scores showed lower performance, with AUROCs of 0.69 for ABC and 0.74 for RABT. For 24-hour mortality, NEWS and rSIG demonstrated excellent discrimination (AUROCs of 0.93 and 0.91, respectively). At a cut-off of four or higher, NEWS showed a sensitivity of 81.0% for MT, while rSIG \u2264 16 provided a balanced sensitivity of 74.6% and specificity of 88.5%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1049023X26109005_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both NEWS and rSIG predicted MT and 24-hour mortality more accurately than ABC and RABT. These tools may support early pre-arrival notification and blood bank preparation without delaying rapid transport.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1049023x26109005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T05:52:20Z","timestamp":1785477140000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prognostic Accuracy of Scoring Indices Assessment for Massive Transfusion in Trauma (SIAM-T): A Five-Year Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5110-1763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sorawich","family":"Watcharakitpaisan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znkr924","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Mahidol University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4890-7176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaiyaporn","family":"Yuksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znkr924","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Mahidol University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satariya","family":"Trakulsrichai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znkr924","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Mahidol University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pungkava","family":"Sricharoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znkr924","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Mahidol University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2906-7677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chetsadakon","family":"Jenpanitpong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znkr924","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Mahidol University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1049023X26109005_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.8409"},{"key":"S1049023X26109005_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.09.022"},{"key":"S1049023X26109005_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-013-0278-2"},{"key":"S1049023X26109005_ref3","unstructured":"3. Ministry of Transport. Traffic Accident on National Highways in 2023. 2023. https:\/\/bhs.doh.go.th\/files\/accident\/66\/report_accident_2566.pdf. Accessed August 31, 2024."},{"key":"S1049023X26109005_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00367-2"},{"key":"S1049023X26109005_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005982"},{"key":"S1049023X26109005_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-023-02257-1"},{"key":"S1049023X26109005_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001333"},{"key":"S1049023X26109005_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OAEM.S403545"},{"key":"S1049023X26109005_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2021.12.047"},{"key":"S1049023X26109005_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2023.7178"},{"key":"S1049023X26109005_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212095"},{"key":"S1049023X26109005_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.09.015"},{"key":"S1049023X26109005_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.023"},{"key":"S1049023X26109005_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2019.08.019"},{"key":"S1049023X26109005_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.10.027"},{"key":"S1049023X26109005_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001949"},{"key":"S1049023X26109005_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-021-06065-9"},{"key":"S1049023X26109005_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.12.065"},{"key":"S1049023X26109005_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265559"},{"key":"S1049023X26109005_ref2","unstructured":"2. World Health Organization. Road Traffic Injuries. 2023. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/road-traffic-injuries. Accessed August 31, 2024."},{"key":"S1049023X26109005_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001191"},{"key":"S1049023X26109005_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-025-01188-x"}],"container-title":["Prehospital and Disaster Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1049023X26109005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T05:52:22Z","timestamp":1785477142000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1049023X26109005\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"alternative-id":["S1049023X26109005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1049023x26109005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-023X","1945-1938"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1049-023X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-1938","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e17"}}