{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T07:44:41Z","timestamp":1792568681158,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":293,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":293,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/tdm\/tdmrep-policy.json"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prehosp. Disaster med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This Disaster Report describes a series of missile impact events managed by Magen David Adom (MDA), Israel\u2019s national Emergency Medical Services (EMS) organization, during the March 2026 missile campaign. The report focuses on a recurring operational distinction between compact single-warhead impact events and dispersed cluster-munition pattern events. Unlike routine mass-casualty incident recognition, MDA dispatch did not need to infer the possibility of a dispersed event only from accumulating emergency calls. While missiles are in flight, the Home Front Command (HFC) broadcasts real-time threat alerts through multiple public channels: the official HFC app, direct cell broadcasts to all phones in the threatened area, and live overlays on all television channels. Command and dispatch personnel from MDA used this publicly available information as an early threat layer at or before the initial dispatch phase. Emergency calls, motorcycle first-responder reports, volunteer responder reports, and ambulance crew updates then refined the actual medical footprint. Across six events, cluster-munition pattern events involved four-to-six municipalities and maximum geographic spread of 6.9km to 11.5km, whereas single-warhead events remained within one municipality and had maximum geographic spread of less than 400 meters. The events suggest that dispersed missile attacks require EMS command to combine prehospital warning-system visibility with a distributed responder network that functions as a forward sensor layer for dispatch and command.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1049023x26109182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T07:33:01Z","timestamp":1792567981000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From Single Impact Sites to Dispersed Corridors: A Disaster Report of Emergency Medical Services Command Adaptation to Cluster-Munition Pattern Missile Strikes in Israel"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9440-787X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oren","family":"Wacht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05tkyf982","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/050cwv729","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Magen David Adom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eli","family":"Jaffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05tkyf982","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/050cwv729","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Magen David Adom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noam","family":"Jaffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shamir Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1049023X26109182_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X24000438"},{"key":"S1049023X26109182_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2024.1606907"},{"key":"S1049023X26109182_ref8","volume-title":"EMS Incident Command System","author":"Furin","year":"2024"},{"key":"S1049023X26109182_ref13","unstructured":"13. Israel Home Front Command. A targeted alert for every resident. National Emergency Portal. https:\/\/www.oref.org.il\/eng\/articles\/info\/iron-swords\/1108. Accessed May 17, 2026."},{"key":"S1049023X26109182_ref12","unstructured":"12. Convention on Cluster Munitions. Dublin, Ireland: May 30, 2008. Entered into force: August 1, 2010. https:\/\/www.clusterconvention.org. Accessed January 2026."},{"key":"S1049023X26109182_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2006.11.030"},{"key":"S1049023X26109182_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5055\/ajdm.2015.0186"},{"key":"S1049023X26109182_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2007.052399"},{"key":"S1049023X26109182_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2013.05.006"},{"key":"S1049023X26109182_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X24000153"},{"key":"S1049023X26109182_ref7","volume-title":"EMS Mass Casualty Management","author":"DeNolf","year":"2022"},{"key":"S1049023X26109182_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.17.202481"},{"key":"S1049023X26109182_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0b013e32834624e8"},{"key":"S1049023X26109182_ref14","unstructured":"14. Tovy, J. Smaller polygons and cell alerts: how Israel\u2019s Home Front Command honed its civilian alert system. Breaking Defense. February 2025. https:\/\/breakingdefense.com\/2025\/02\/smaller-polygons-and-cell-alerts-how-israels-home-front-command-honed-its-civilian-alert-system\/. Accessed May 31, 2026."},{"key":"S1049023X26109182_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2013.0956"},{"key":"S1049023X26109182_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55460\/X38F-P3RH"}],"container-title":["Prehospital and Disaster Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1049023X26109182","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1049023X26109182","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T07:33:04Z","timestamp":1792567984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1049023X26109182\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"alternative-id":["S1049023X26109182"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1049023x26109182","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-023X","1945-1938"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1049-023X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-1938","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e33"}}