{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T11:06:24Z","timestamp":1763809584709},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]],"date-time":"2014-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415318400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2928,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CNS spectr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a significant heritability of drug addiction disorders, but potential genes that may underlie such vulnerability have not been clearly identified. Common neurobiological candidates for drug abuse include genes related to dopamine, opioid neuropeptide, and glutamate transmission that play important roles in drug reward and inhibitory control. This article provides an overview of genetic polymorphisms linked to these neurobiological systems, particularly in relation to psychostimulant- and opioid-addiction vulnerability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1092852900015005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]],"date-time":"2016-08-02T04:49:10Z","timestamp":1470113350000},"page":"855-862","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Perspectives on Current Directions in the Neurobiology of Addiction Disorders Relevant to Genetic Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yasmin L.","family":"Hurd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5495.1364","article-title":"PSD-95 involvement in maturation of excitatory synapses","volume":"290","author":"El-Husseini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300890"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(97)00090-7"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021463722326"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19970725)74:4<439::AID-AJMG16>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00931.x"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0888-7543(05)80138-7"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890130408"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(03)00177-2"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.11.024"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/350614a0"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000207"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.11.973"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041444-200309000-00006"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022260221570"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200105080-00011"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.9026"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2329-05.2005"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.10078"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.20054"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref068","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199904060-00042"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(02)00751-5"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0476-05.2005"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1998.5454"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-200412000-00002"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20001009)96:5<616::AID-AJMG6>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.10005"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000556"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.09.028"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2001.9611038.x"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504789103"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.16.9608"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.tpj.6500189"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000409"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.111134598"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.7.662"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(92)90202-D"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-02-00483.1992"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y98-017"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref024","first-page":"593","article-title":"VNTR polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter and dopamine transporter genes in male opiate addicts [Russian]","volume":"36","author":"Galeeva","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Biol(Mosk)"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.2002.4099"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810310066012"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10649"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10362"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1635"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.11.967"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.20034"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref095","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1993.1489"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903620308"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)61883-X"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000310"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2004.03.011"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-199402000-00001"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2006.05.002"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1316.039"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.16.030193.000445"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.10.1700"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00537-4"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(99)00099-8"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.8.1403"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(00)00216-5"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1380106"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001504"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041444-200403000-00005"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-002-0790-8"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13556210500223769"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1737"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20039"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(95)00483-1"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000542"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20001009)96:5<592::AID-AJMG3>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30264"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20001009)96:5<654::AID-AJMG11>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30117"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.6.597"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0375-6"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)01078-0"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.23.11271"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(96)80014-2"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0196-78"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000248"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30024"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.7.1052"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(02)00008-4"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.161.10.1798"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600871103"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301128","article-title":"Altered Levels of Basal Cortisol in Healthy Subjects with a 118G Allele in Exon 1 of the Mu Opioid Receptor Gene","volume":"31","author":"Bart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20010108)105:1<114::AID-AJMG1074>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200303240-00008"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-21-08225.1997"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.740472.x"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30238"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041444-200512000-00013"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00013a008"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2004.10.001"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199701000-00013"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2006.01490.x"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.05.011"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M504942200"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20001009)96:5<599::AID-AJMG4>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref087","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041444-200412000-00011"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref088","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(99)00045-4"},{"key":"S1092852900015005_ref090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.4.1976"}],"container-title":["CNS Spectrums"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1092852900015005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T17:52:56Z","timestamp":1656957176000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1092852900015005\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1092852900015005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1092852900015005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-8529","2165-6509"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-8529","type":"print"},{"value":"2165-6509","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}}}