{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:21:08Z","timestamp":1787502068366,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]],"date-time":"2014-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415318400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4208,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CNS spectr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This article provides an overview of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for panic disorder. CBT is currently considered a first-line treatment for panic disorder. It offers benefit after short-term intervention, typically consisting of 12\u201315 sessions conducted in either an individual or a group format. The treatment focuses on the elimination of the patterns that underlie and perpetuate the disorder. Through CBT, patients learn about the nature of the disorder and acquire a set of strategies that counter the fears of panic attacks themselves, and break the recurring cycle of anticipatory anxiety, panic, and agoraphobic avoidance. The collaborative format of treatment, and a focus on elimination of core fears may be factors in enhancing longer-term outcome. In this article, we review the efficacy of CBT as a first-line treatment, a strategy for medication nonresponders, a replacement strategy for patients who wish to discontinue pharmacotherapy, and a potential preventive strategy for at-risk individuals. We also discuss some of the complex issues involved with combination-treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1092852900018617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T23:25:57Z","timestamp":1470093957000},"page":"356-362","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Panic Disorder: A Review of Treatment Elements, Strategies, and Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Nadine Recker","family":"Rayburn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Otto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1092852900018617_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.1.43"},{"key":"S1092852900018617_ref050","first-page":"184","article-title":"Sequential 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