{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:25:31Z","timestamp":1792290331836,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]],"date-time":"2014-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415318400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3385,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CNS spectr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>The operational criteria for seasonal affective disorder (SAD) have undergone several changes since first proposed in 1984. SAD is currently included as a specifier of either bipolar or recurrent major depressive disorder in the<\/jats:italic>\n                    Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition.\n                    <jats:italic>The<\/jats:italic>\n                    International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition\n                    <jats:italic>has provisional diagnostic criteria for SAD. The most characteristic quality of SAD is that the symptoms usually present during winter and remit in the spring. Furthermore, the symptoms tend to remit when the patients are exposed to daylight or bright light therapy. The cognitive and emotional symptoms are as in other types of depression but the vegetative symptoms are the reverse of classic depressive vegetative symptoms, namely increased sleep and increased appetite. SAD is a common condition, but the exact prevalence rates vary between different studies and countries and is consistently found to be more common in women and in youth. SAD probably possibly occurs in children although not as commonly as in young adults. Some studies have found that certain ethnic groups who live at high northern latitudes may have adapted to the long arctic winter<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1092852900019593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]],"date-time":"2016-08-02T00:42:47Z","timestamp":1470098567000},"page":"625-634","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["The Diagnosis, Symptomatology, and Epidemiology of Seasonal Affective Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Andres","family":"Magnusson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Partonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1986.tb07682.x"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref140","first-page":"189","article-title":"Seasonal affective disorder and midwinter insomnia in the far north: studies of two related chronobiological disorders in Norway","volume":"9","author":"Lingjaerde","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448489809595634"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(03)00113-7"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(88)90102-3"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00372-X"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03368.x"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(93)90006-3"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004060200012"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(94)90228-3"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(90)90101-D"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02195980"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(00)90132-9"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1994.tb05802.x"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06467.x"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref097","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Seasonal Affective Disorder","author":"Terman","year":"1989"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1986.01800050033004"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370204700407"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00794614","article-title":"Seasonal changes in affective state in samples of Asian and white women","volume":"32","author":"Suhail","year":"1997","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(88)90043-2"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(03)00147-1"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00314-2"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(96)00087-0"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(91)90001-Q"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00332-9"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref068","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00110-6"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.145.1.100","article-title":"Comparison of seasonal and nonseasonal affective disorders","volume":"145","author":"Garvey","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1987.tb36213.x"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.157.1.133"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1998.tb09954.x"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00048679609062653"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref080","first-page":"32","article-title":"An assessment of SPAQ and SPAQ+ reliability","volume":"5","author":"Marriott","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Society for Light Treatment and Biological Rhythms"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2002.1o185.x"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.8.1225","article-title":"Prevalence of seasonal difficulties in mood and behavior among Japanese civil servants","volume":"152","author":"Ozaki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(02)00299-8"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00220-0"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820240031004"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref044","first-page":"281","volume-title":"Arctic Med Res","author":"Booker","year":"1991"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700009727"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref023","first-page":"470","article-title":"Long-term course of seasonal affective disorders: a preliminary report","volume":"47","author":"Sakamoto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Jpn J Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820240025002"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-3-6"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.146.7.829","article-title":"Seasonality and affective illness","volume":"146","author":"Wehr","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370204700205"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.1.73","article-title":"Seasonal patterns of bulimia nervosa","volume":"149","author":"Blouin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1989.tb53277.x"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref117","first-page":"118","article-title":"Light therapy to treat winter depression in adolescents in Iceland","volume":"23","author":"Magnusson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref147","first-page":"5353","article-title":"Bipolar affective disorder. A retrospective study of 158 patients in a well-defined geographical region [Danish]","volume":"160","author":"Christensen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(93)90076-V"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09542.x"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref095","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(87)90075-8"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00208-1"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.175.5.472"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(97)00177-8"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(96)00104-8"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(99)90125-6"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00009-5"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref038","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Seasonal Affective Disorder","author":"Thompson","year":"1989"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000284936"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(94)90121-X"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/160.3.110"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref036","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Seasonal Affective Disorder, Practice and Research","author":"Mersch","year":"2001"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00140-2"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(94)90229-1"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199706000-00019"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref039","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Seasonal Affective Disorder","author":"Carney","year":"1989"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199411)16:3<295::AID-EAT2260160311>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.8.1028","article-title":"Winter seasonal affective disorder: a follow-up study of the first 59 patients of the National Institute of Mental Health seasonal studies program","volume":"153","author":"Schwartz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.172.2.164"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09803.x"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(99)00137-8"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref076","first-page":"192","article-title":"Spanish adaptation of the seasonal pattern assessment questionnaire (SPAQ) in the adult and children-adolescent versions. [Spanish]","volume":"31","author":"Goikolea","year":"2003","journal-title":"Actas Esp Psiquiatr"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830010049008"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref058","first-page":"92","volume-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl","author":"Wirz-Justice","year":"2003"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000054917"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.163.3.322"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(97)01447-X"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref053","volume-title":"Seasonal Affective Disorder: An Emperical Study of the Prevalence Among 6300 Young Adults Residing Between 58\u201370\u00b0 N [dissertation]","author":"Konradsen","year":"1995"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.2.234"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(96)00036-5"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.2.316"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002076402128783154"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810090079011","article-title":"Phototherapy in individuals with and without subsyndromal seasonal affective disorder","volume":"46","author":"Kasper","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199303000-00005"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref045","first-page":"1176","article-title":"Seasonal depression and sleep disturbances in Alaska and Siberia: a pilot study","volume":"149","author":"Booker","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(93)90058-O"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(91)90065-Z"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.167.3.380"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810090065010","article-title":"Epidemiological findings of seasonal changes in mood and behavior. A telephone survey of Montgomery County, Maryland","volume":"46","author":"Kasper","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(89)90291-6"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref018","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Seasonal Affective Disorder, Practice and Research","author":"Partonen","year":"2001"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000285049"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref001","first-page":"205","volume-title":"The Psychology of Bulimia","author":"Rosenthal","year":"1987"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(94)00084-M"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1984.01790120076010"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(93)90011-8"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.6.1084"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref003","volume-title":"Seasonal Affective Disorder: Practice and Research","author":"Partonen","year":"2001"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(93)90031-B"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370004500708"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref005","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"1987"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(95)02816-1"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(96)02838-7"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref006","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"1994"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref007","volume-title":"International Classification of Diseases","year":"1994"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.7.1108","article-title":"Comorbid panic disorder in patients with winter depression","volume":"150","author":"Halle","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.3.443","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and family history in seasonal and nonseasonal mood disorders","volume":"150","author":"Allen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref035","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Seasonal Affective Disorder, Practice and Research","author":"Magnusson","year":"2001"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(95)90094-C"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03423.x"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.7.1016","article-title":"Rates of seasonal affective disorder in children and adolescents","volume":"152","author":"Swedo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1986.tb10606.x"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(90)90116-M"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref079","first-page":"205","volume-title":"The Psychobiology of Bulimia","author":"Rosenthal","year":"1987"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(91)90034-A"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref127","first-page":"9","article-title":"Bulimia and anorexia nervosa in winter depression: lifetime rates in a clinical sample","volume":"21","author":"Gruber","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.10107"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(94)90110-4"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(95)00085-2"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.12.1727","article-title":"Seasonal variation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: preliminary experience with light treatment","volume":"148","author":"Yoney","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.144.12.1602","article-title":"Seasonal affective disorder with summer depression and winter hypomania","volume":"144","author":"Wehr","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00059-7"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(92)90067-D"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref136","unstructured":"Anderson J , Mooney J , Peteet J , Meyer S . SPAQ and seasonality in alcohol- or drug-addicted patients: The women are SAD and the men are subsyndromal. Is it a problem? 1995; Society for Light Treatment and Biological Rhythms Conference Proceedings; 1998. Abstract."},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01616.x"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(97)90052-3"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref139","first-page":"181","article-title":"Seasonal affective disorder: prevalence varies with latitude and climate","volume":"9","author":"Potkin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02190726"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.171.1.53"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00048679709073832"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09851.x"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(91)90098-D"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(95)00090-9"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.106.4.554"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(97)00030-9"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1999.tb07206.x"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291797006326"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(91)90019-O"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.179.1.31"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref155","first-page":"14","article-title":"Self-reported seasonal variation in depression at 78 degree north. The Svalbard Study","volume":"58","author":"Nilssen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Circumpolar Health"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10401238909149989"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199910000-00016"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(03)00114-9"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00097-4"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820130019004"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.6.862","article-title":"A longitudinal follow-up study of seasonal affective disorder","volume":"152","author":"Sakamoto","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(88)90065-1"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270050045"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(97)90085-7"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref130","first-page":"228","article-title":"Variability of substance abuse. Global variability of substance abuse: is latitude a unique etiological factor?","volume":"57","author":"Paschane","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Circumpolar Health"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref088","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.168.5.627"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/167.6.581"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref056","unstructured":"Broman JE , Hetta J . Prevalence of seasonal affective disorders and related symptoms at two latitudes in Sweden, Society for Light Treatment and Biological Rhythms Conference Proceedings; 1998. Abstract 228."},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.101003176.x"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90064-9"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref046","first-page":"249","article-title":"Prevalence of seasonal mood changes in low latitude area: Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire score of Quezon City workers","volume":"46","author":"Ito","year":"1992","journal-title":"Jpn J Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"S1092852900019593_ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.5.744","article-title":"A controlled study of light therapy for bulimia nervosa","volume":"151","author":"Lam","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["CNS Spectrums"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1092852900019593","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T13:52:02Z","timestamp":1656942722000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1092852900019593\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"references-count":157,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1092852900019593"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1092852900019593","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-8529","2165-6509"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-8529","type":"print"},{"value":"2165-6509","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]}}}